Evaluation of polar ethylene copolymers as fire retardant nanocomposite matrices

Preston, Chris M.; Amarasinghe, Gandara; Hopewell, Jefferson L.; Shanks, Robert A.; Mathys, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.004

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The 5 wt% of CNT-MMT loading had increased T 0 , T 10 , and T max to 498 C, 527 C, and 599 C. The thermal stability of the composites was found to be higher than the literature clay reinforced materials. 31 However, the thermal stability was comparable to the literature polyamide-CNT nanocomposites. According to Mahmood et al, 32 polyamide-6 (PA6) and amine-functionalized CNT depicted thermal degradation behavior in the range of 430-630 C. Whereas neat PA6 showed degradation at $450 C. Similarly, the effects of MWCNT on the thermal properties of a polyamide derived from glutaric acid and aromatic diamine were investigated.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 71%

Structure and properties of buckypapers based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/ polyamide 6,6 and carbon nanotube intercalated montmorillonite

Kausar

Siddiq

2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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Considering the challenge of the tendency of carbon nanotube to aggregate, the originality of fabricating nanocomposites with preformed network through microfiltration of nanotube suspension has been focused. The nanotube may fasten together upon dispersion in a liquid suspension and filtered through a fine mesh forming a thin film known as buckypaper.In this study, initially poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) (PMMAMA) and polyamide 6,6 (PA-6,6) blend was formed. Later, the matrix was reinforced with carbon nanotube and montmorillonite-modified carbon nanotube (CNT-MMT). In this way, two series of buckypapers, PMMAMA/PA-6,6/CNT 0.5-5 and PMMAMA/PA-6,6/CNT-MMT 0.5-5, were prepared with varying CNT and CNT-MMT content. PA-6,6 was in situ polymerized and the effect of filler inclusion on number and weight average molecular weight was studied. Studies were performed using gel-permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and cone calorimetry to explore the structure, morphology, thermal, and flammability properties of highperformance composites. PMMAMA/PA-6,6/CNT-MMT revealed CNT-MMT network morphology with triangular porous structure. Thermal stability of PMMAMA/PA-6,6/CNT-MMT 0.5-5 system was found higher than PMMAMA/ PA-6,6/CNT 0.5-5. The PHHR of PMMAMA/PA-6,6/CNT-MMT was decreased from 342 to 211 kW/m 2 with 0.5 to 5 wt% loading.

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Section: Thermogravimetric Analysissupporting

confidence: 71%

Structure and properties of buckypapers based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/ polyamide 6,6 and carbon nanotube intercalated montmorillonite

Kausar

Siddiq

2015

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…The reason may arise from the fact that in these samples, stacked silicate layers could hold accumulated heat that can be used as a heat source to accelerate the degradation process. 25 Another possible reason for this observation could be the degradation of organic modifiers within the Cloisite 20A layers, which was reported in range of 300-500 C. 26 It is known that degradation of organic molecules used in nanoclay leads to the creation of active catalytic sites in the polymer matrix 27,28 which could accelerate the decomposition of the whole system. The vertical shape of TGA curves can also be attributed to the fact that at high temperatures (above 400 C), degradation of the clay network which covers the surface of the remaining polymer leads to formation of some holes in it.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Of Tpo Blend and Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation and crystallization behavior of blend‐based nanocomposites: Role of clay network formation

Seyfi

Hejazi

Sadeghi

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:The main goal of this study is to explicate the exact role of nanoclay particles on thermal degradation mechanism and crystallization behavior of blend-based nanocomposites. Thermoplastic olefin (TPO) nanocomposites, as a simple model, were prepared via melt mixing in an internal batch mixer. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy tests show that a relatively good dispersion of silicate layers was obtained in the system. On the addition of nanoclay, a remarkable reduction in rubber domain size was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis shows that nanoclay particles can retard thermal decomposition process. Thermal degradation kinetic studies, using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, reveal that addition of nanoclay contents higher than 1 wt % changes the mechanism of thermal degradation. A mechanism was proposed to explain this phenomenon based on SEM images of char residues. Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of samples was investigated using differential scanning calorimeter. The unexpected reduction in crystallinity of TPO nanocomposites containing 5 wt % nanoclay was explained using rheometry analysis and attributed to the formation of stable percolated clay networks in this sample.

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“…A vast number of papers have been published in the last few years on polymer/clay hybrids,1–8 and an increasing number of the most recent studies are dealt with the preparation and characterisation of smectite–clay nanocomposites with polyolefinic matrices 5,9–51. The expected improvement in one or more of the properties of these commodity polymers, e.g., barrier, mechanical, fire resistance, etc., might, in fact, be foreseen to balance the cost increase due to the nanofiller (whose addition, if made by melt compounding, should not require significant changes in the usual processing techniques).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may be surprising that the copolymers of ethylene with acrylic acid (AA) or methacrylic acid (MAA), though being largely employed as adhesion promoters, blends compatibilisers etc., have received comparatively little attention in view of the preparation of PE‐based nanocomposites. Preston et al46 described the synthesis of nanocomposites from three different ethylene copolymers and found (by WAXD) that the ethylene‐ co ‐methyl acrylate‐ co ‐acrylic acid terpolymer gave rise to better intercalation, with an organically modified bentonite, than the two others: EVA and poly[(ethylene)‐ co ‐(methyl acrylate)]. These authors concluded that the AA units interact effectively with the clay surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoclay Nanocomposites from Ethylene–Acrylic Acid Copolymers

Filippi

Marazzato

Magagnini

et al. 2006

Macro Materials & Eng

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Summary: A study of the structure–property relationships for nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding from ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers of varied composition and molecular architecture, and organoclays modified with different ammonium ions has been made by DSC, POM, SEM, TEM, WAXD, and rheological and mechanical tests. Within the series of clays investigated, the best levels of dispersion were displayed by those organically modified with quaternary ammonium ions containing two long alkyl tails. The relevant nanocomposites were shown to possess mixed exfoliated and intercalated morphology. The spacing of the intercalated clay stacks, most of which comprise few silicate layers, was found to be independent of clay loading, in the range of 2–50 phr, and to change with the molecular architecture of the matrix polymer. An indication that the excess surfactant present in some of the clays, and the organic material added in others to expand the interlayer spacing, were expelled from the clay galleries during melt blending and acted as plasticisers for the matrix polymer, was obtained from WAXD and rheological characterisations.TEM micrograph of the nanocomposite of EAA1 with 11 phr of 15A.magnified imageTEM micrograph of the nanocomposite of EAA1 with 11 phr of 15A.

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Evaluation of polar ethylene copolymers as fire retardant nanocomposite matrices

Cited by 72 publications

References 32 publications

Structure and properties of buckypapers based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/ polyamide 6,6 and carbon nanotube intercalated montmorillonite

Structure and properties of buckypapers based on poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid)/ polyamide 6,6 and carbon nanotube intercalated montmorillonite

Thermal degradation and crystallization behavior of blend‐based nanocomposites: Role of clay network formation

Organoclay Nanocomposites from Ethylene–Acrylic Acid Copolymers

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