Abstract
Aim : Gestational diabetes, in which pregnancy occurs for the first time and progresses with complex hyperglycemia, has a high risk factor for the development of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in the postpartum period. For this reason, in our study, it was aimed to examine the frequency of type 2 DM in the postpartum period and its relationship with risk factors.
Materials and Methods : Patients who were diagnosed, followed up and treated for gestational diabetes in Malatya Turgut Özal University Training and Research Hospital Endocrinology outpatient clinic between January 1, 2018 and February 1, 2023 and who underwent Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in the postpartum period were included.
Results: In our retrospective study, 157 patients were included. The mean age was 31.8±5.6 years. After being followed up with her follow-up and treatment throughout the pregnancy, 75 grams of OGTT was performed at the postpartum 8th week. Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) was detected in 23 patients (14.64%), Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) in 18 patients (11.46%), and type 2 DM in 17 patients (10.8%). Glucose values of our 99 patients (63.5%) were normal. When evaluated in terms of the presence of DM in the postpartum period, no difference was found in terms of the history of gestational DM in the anamnesis (p=0.305) and the presence or absence of family history (p=0.095). In terms of the presence of DM, there was a significant difference between the patients receiving insulin therapy and those receiving diet therapy (p=0.001). Average age, pre-pregnancy BMI, average insulin dose, average HbA1c; It was significantly higher than the mean of those without DM (p=0.001, p=0.006, p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively)
Conclusion: As a result of our study, we can say that Type 2 DM development in the postpartum period is associated with the high maternal age and the increase in BMI. Being pregnant with the ideal weight to be achieved by lifestyle changes may decrease the risk of Type 2 DM and diabetes-related complications in the long term.