Evaluation of Measles Immunization Methods

Abstract

Successful immunization with measles virus vaccines (Enders) has been achieved.1 More than 90% of seronegative vaccinees develop antibody levels associated with immunity after immunization with both attenuated and inactivated vaccines. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]13,25 Accumulating evidence indicates almost solid protection of vaccinees upon exposure to the natural disease.2,3,25Investigations to date have been conducted in closed populations or have employed mass methods of immunization. There are few data concerning the practical application of measles immunization in the office practice of pediatrics. The present report will detail the results of a large-scale field trial of such immunization carried out largely in the private practices of pediatricians serving on the Volunteer Faculty of the University of Colorado Medical School. Efficacy and acceptability of measles immunization were evaluated using both live (attenuated) and killed vaccines singly and in combination.

Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus

“…Initial Immunization.-All children received two monthly intramuscular doses of 1 ml of monkey-kidney-grown Edmonston-strain inac¬ tivated measles virus. 8,9 This was followed in one month by subcutaneous inoculation of 0.2 ml of chick-embryo-grown attenuated Edmonstonstain measles virus containing 6,300 tissue culture infective doses (TOD»).8'10 Both the vaccines and program have previously been described in detail.8"10 None of the 41 children subsequently reimmunized had been evaluated serologically following initial immunization although others in the initial series were examined and were found to have a seroconversion rate of 90.5%.…”

Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus

“…Initial Immunization.-All children received two monthly intramuscular doses of 1 ml of monkey-kidney-grown Edmonston-strain inac¬ tivated measles virus. 8,9 This was followed in one month by subcutaneous inoculation of 0.2 ml of chick-embryo-grown attenuated Edmonstonstain measles virus containing 6,300 tissue culture infective doses (TOD»).8'10 Both the vaccines and program have previously been described in detail.8"10 None of the 41 children subsequently reimmunized had been evaluated serologically following initial immunization although others in the initial series were examined and were found to have a seroconversion rate of 90.5%.…”

Inactivated Measles-Virus Vaccine: A Field Evaluation

“…All serums were tested by Dr. Vincent Fulginiti, using a modified hemagglutination-inhi¬ bition method as originally described by Rosen (7,8).…”

Vaccination Against Measles: a Study of Clinical Reactions and Serological Responses of Young Children

“…Inactivated vaccine has been prepared by Warren and Gallian (1962) by inactivating the Enders-Edmonston strain with formaldehyde and adsorbing it on aluminiumt hydroxide gel. It was found that although antibody was induced in children after three doses of vaccine it was sometimes no longer detectable after six months ., A combined schedule, however, in which inactivated vaccine was followed by live Enders-Edmonston vaccine caused very few reactions and the antibody titres were of the same order as those produced by live vaccine alone (Guinee et al, 1963 ;Fulginiti et al, 1963).…”

Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus

“…Initial Immunization.-All children received two monthly intramuscular doses of 1 ml of monkey-kidney-grown Edmonston-strain inac¬ tivated measles virus. 8,9 This was followed in one month by subcutaneous inoculation of 0.2 ml of chick-embryo-grown attenuated Edmonstonstain measles virus containing 6,300 tissue culture infective doses (TOD»).8'10 Both the vaccines and program have previously been described in detail.8"10 None of the 41 children subsequently reimmunized had been evaluated serologically following initial immunization although others in the initial series were examined and were found to have a seroconversion rate of 90.5%.…”

Inactivated Measles-Virus Vaccine: A Field Evaluation

“…All serums were tested by Dr. Vincent Fulginiti, using a modified hemagglutination-inhi¬ bition method as originally described by Rosen (7,8).…”

Vaccination Against Measles: a Study of Clinical Reactions and Serological Responses of Young Children

“…Inactivated vaccine has been prepared by Warren and Gallian (1962) by inactivating the Enders-Edmonston strain with formaldehyde and adsorbing it on aluminiumt hydroxide gel. It was found that although antibody was induced in children after three doses of vaccine it was sometimes no longer detectable after six months ., A combined schedule, however, in which inactivated vaccine was followed by live Enders-Edmonston vaccine caused very few reactions and the antibody titres were of the same order as those produced by live vaccine alone (Guinee et al, 1963 ;Fulginiti et al, 1963).…”

Altered Reactivity to Measles Virus

“…Initial Immunization.-All children received two monthly intramuscular doses of 1 ml of monkey-kidney-grown Edmonston-strain inac¬ tivated measles virus. 8,9 This was followed in one month by subcutaneous inoculation of 0.2 ml of chick-embryo-grown attenuated Edmonstonstain measles virus containing 6,300 tissue culture infective doses (TOD»).8'10 Both the vaccines and program have previously been described in detail.8"10 None of the 41 children subsequently reimmunized had been evaluated serologically following initial immunization although others in the initial series were examined and were found to have a seroconversion rate of 90.5%.…”

Inactivated Measles-Virus Vaccine: A Field Evaluation

“…All serums were tested by Dr. Vincent Fulginiti, using a modified hemagglutination-inhi¬ bition method as originally described by Rosen (7,8).…”

Vaccination Against Measles: a Study of Clinical Reactions and Serological Responses of Young Children

“…Inactivated vaccine has been prepared by Warren and Gallian (1962) by inactivating the Enders-Edmonston strain with formaldehyde and adsorbing it on aluminiumt hydroxide gel. It was found that although antibody was induced in children after three doses of vaccine it was sometimes no longer detectable after six months ., A combined schedule, however, in which inactivated vaccine was followed by live Enders-Edmonston vaccine caused very few reactions and the antibody titres were of the same order as those produced by live vaccine alone (Guinee et al, 1963 ;Fulginiti et al, 1963).…”