Evaluation of in silico designed inhibitors targeting MelF (Rv1936) against Mycobacterium marinum within macrophages

Abstract

We recently identified inhibitors targeting Mycobacterium marinum MelF (Rv1936) by in silico analysis, which exhibited bacteriostatic/bactericidal activity against M. marinum and M. tuberculosis in vitro . Herein, we evaluated the effect of best four inhibitors (# 5175552, # 6513745, # 5255829, # 9125618) obtained from the ChemBridge compound libraries, on intracellular replication and persistence of bacteria within IFN-γ activated murine RAW264.7 and human THP-1 macrophages infected with M. marinum . Inhibitors # 5175552 and # 6513745 significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) the intracellular replication of bacilli during day 7 post-infection (p.i.) within RAW264.7 and THP-1 macrophages infected at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of ~1.0. These observations were substantiated by electron microscopy, which revealed the protective effect of # 5175552 in clearing the bacilli inside murine macrophages. Strikingly, # 6513745 displayed synergism with isoniazid against M. marinum in murine macrophages, whereas # 5175552 significantly suppressed ( p < 0.05) the persistent bacilli during day 10–14 p.i. in infected RAW264.7 and THP-1 macrophages (MOI of ~ 0.1). Moreover, # 5175552 and # 6513745 were non-cytotoxic to host macrophages at both 1X and 5X MIC. Further validation of these inhibitors against M. tuberculosis -infected macrophages and animal models has potential for development as novel anti-tubercular agents.

The potassium transporter KdpA affects persister formation by regulating ATP levels in Mycobacterium marinum

“…M. marinum, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, has been used previously to study mycobacterial persistence [34][35][36]. Here we report that a screen for genes associated with the persistence of M. marinum in the presence of antibiotics yielded kdpA, which is predicted to encode a high-affinity K + transporter that influences growth under low K + conditions.…”