Evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks from fluoride and nitrate in semi-arid region of northern India

Saha

et al. 2022

Preprint

Groundwater played a pivotal role in the social and economic development of the Malwa Region. With the advent of the green revolution, water for irrigation and domestic use led to the development of groundwater resources. Slowly, the green revolution changed into a greed revolution, and the exploitation of groundwater resources converted into their overexploitation. Groundwater's overexploitation not only led to groundwater depletion but also led to a change in the chemistry of the Malwa region's aquifers. Researchers from academia and institutions worked and published their findings of the uranium and arsenic contaminations in the Malwa region of Punjab. In this article, we are the first to bring all the dispersed data to one commonplace. By studying the physicochemical parameters of groundwater of all districts of the Malwa region and their correlation, this paper is going to highlight the various chemical reactions occurring in the Malwa region's aquifer and how they impact groundwater chemistry. For understanding, we devised a hypothetical model to understand the complex interplay of this region's natural dynamics of groundwater aquifers. Finally, we tried to describe how the various chemical changes in the groundwater aquifer can be the reason for the mobilization of arsenic and uranium by making schematic chemical flow-charts of their mobilization. This article aims to highlight the importance of using a multidisciplinary and interdepartmental approach to comprehending the complex problem of groundwater management.

Section: Scheme 2 Ion Exchange Mechanism With Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scheme 2 Ion Exchange Mechanism With Claymentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review on uranium and arsenic content and their chemical mobilization in the groundwater: A case study of the Malwa region Punjab, India

Saha

et al. 2022

Preprint

“…More importantly, the findings appear to suggest that children are more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic effects in the study region owing to the intake of higher nitrate concentrations in drinking water. Many other scholars have found that due to lower body weight and personality characteristics, children are more vulnerable to chronic noncarcinogenic threats than adults 5,[72][73][74][75][76] .…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment (Non-carcinogenic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Nitrate Pollution in Groundwater and Its Health Risks in The View of Background Concentration in a Semi-Arid Area of Rajasthan

Rahman

Mondal

Tiwari

2021

Preprint

An increased nitrate (NO3-) concentration in groundwater has been a rising issue on a global scale in recent years. Through different consumption mechanisms, it clearly illustrates the adverse effects on human health. The goal of this present study is to assess the natural and anthropogenic NO3- concentration in groundwater and its related risks to human health in the different groups of ages such as children, males, and females. Groundwater samples (n=101) were obtained and analysed for their physicochemical components, along with the nitrate concentration in a semi-arid area of Rajasthan. The results show that most of the samples were influenced by anthropogenic activities. The background and anthropogenic levels had been estimated and marked as 7.2 mg/L and 13.3 mg/L for the background and anthropogenic concentrations, respectively. About 83% of nitrate samples were exceeded the background limit, while 28% of the samples were beyond the permissible limit of 45 mg/L as stated by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Nitrate health risks were also measured by oral intake and dermal contact sources for the residents in this area. The oral exposure of nitrate was very high as compare to dermal contact. With regards to the non-carcinogenic health risk, the total Heath Index (HITotal) values of groundwater nitrate in the study area varied from 0.045 to 3.153 with an average of 0.964 for males, 0.053 to 3.726 with an average of 1.139 for females, and 0.061 to 4.278 with an average of 1.308 for children. The nitrate health risk assessment shows that about 38%, 46%, and 49% of groundwater samples constitute the non-carcinogenic health risk to males, females, and children, respectively.

Syst Microbiol and Biomanuf

“…Nitrate pollution of groundwater from both geogenic sources and anthropogenic sources such as wastewater, animal manure, leaky septic systems, and particularly nitrogen fertilizers from agricultural production, has raised concerns globally due to the probable challenges it may render to groundwater resource use [3,7,26,33,38,65,66,74,84]. Elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater represent potential adverse effects to human health when ingested [1,14,58,61,67,77]. Long-term ingestion of water with elevated nitrate concentrations (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate removal from groundwater using chemically modified coconut husk based granular activated carbon: characterization of the adsorbent, kinetics and mechanism

Huno

Das

Hullebusch

et al. 2022

In this study, a highly porous chemically activated granular activated carbon (GAC) was prepared from coconut husk and tested as an adsorbent to remove nitrate from contaminated groundwater. The prepared GAC was characterized by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (S BET ) analysis. The effects of various process parameters such as initial nitrate concentration, contact time and adsorbent dose on nitrate removal efficiency (response) by the modified GAC were investigated using the statistically significant response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design of experiments. The experimental data were fitted to well-known adsorption isotherms and kinetic models to ascertain the mechanism of the adsorption process. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the significance of the individual and the interactive effects of process variables on the response. The BET surface area (S BET ) and micropore volume of the prepared GAC from coconut husk was 1120 m 2 /g and 0.392 cm 3 /g, respectively. The experimental results showed that physisorption was the main adsorption mechanism governing the process, while the rate of adsorption was limited at initial nitrate concentrations > 10 mg/L. The Langmuir mono-layer adsorption isotherm best fitted the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.0 ± 1.3 mg/g (~ 92.5%) with an adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/50 mL, an equilibrium time of 6 h at 28 ± 2 °C, and at pH 7.6 (± 0.2). Among the tested process variables, the adsorbent dose and initial nitrate concentration showed significant effects on the nitrate removal efficiency.