Evaluation of Current Reasons for Removal of Sows from Commercial Farms

Mote, Benny E; Mabry, John W.; Stalder, K. J.; Rothschild, Max F.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30672-0

Cited by 28 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Reproductive failure was the main reason for removal followed by age, locomotor problems, disease, and low productivity. In agreement with studies in other countries (D'Allaire et al 1987;Dijkhuizen et al 1989;Lucia et al 2000;Engblom et al 2007;Saballo et al 2007;Mote et al 2009), this study shows that the largest proportions of sows are removed because of reproductive problems. Also, it agrees with a previous study in Sweden (Einarsson et al 1974) which indicates that the most frequent reproductive reason for removal was anoestrus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Frequency of removal reasons of sows in Southeastern Mexico

Segura-Correa

Ek-Mex

Alzina-López

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for removal in three pig farms under the tropical conditions of Mexico. Data were obtained from the records from 2003 to 2009, including a total of 7,236 commercial culled sows. Farms 1 and 3 were full-cycle farms with 3,500 and 550 sows. Farm 2 was a two-cycle farm with 450 sows. The specific reasons for removal were grouped into six general categories. The descriptive statistics of the reasons for removal were obtained using cross tabulation tables. Chi-square was used to test between farm differences. Reproductive reasons accounted for the largest proportion of all removals (26.9%) of which anestrous and repeated estrous contributed with 34.2% and 20.8%, respectively. Locomotor problems were responsible for 15.5% of all removals, of which lameness was the main concern (56.3%) followed by "sow downer" syndrome (23.9%). Low production accounted for 12.8% of all removals of which 62.2% were due to small litter sizes and 37.8% due to disgalactia. Diseases were responsible for 13.0% of all removals of which respiratory problems was the most important (73.6%). Age as a cause of removal comprised 24.1% and the category "miscellaneous" 7.7% of all removals. Poor body condition and death reasons represented 2.6% and 1.6%, respectively. Differences between removal reasons were found between farms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Frequency of removal reasons of sows in Southeastern Mexico

Segura-Correa

Ek-Mex

Alzina-López

et al. 2011

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The DNA was then isolated from the tissue samples using the Nexttec DNA isolation system (Leverkusen, Germany), adhering to the manufacturer's protocol. More information on this population in terms of reproductive rates, removal reasons, and age was reported by Mote et al (2009).…”

Section: Animal Population and Dna Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of genetic markers for productive life in commercial sows1

Mote

Koehler

Mabry

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

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Escalating replacement rates and production costs warrant attention on sow productive life (SPL). Increasing average SPL by one-tenth of 1 parity would result in an annual revenue increase of over $15 million in the United States. Research in model organisms has revealed conserved genes and gene pathways that lead to longer lifespan. The most prominent gene pathways are those involved in growth, most notably genes in the IGF pathway that serve to mimic the response of caloric restriction. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that these well conserved genes and gene pathways could also play a role in SPL, even though the productive life of sows is both a measure of longevity and their reproductive performance. Preliminary research on 3 distinct populations of over 2,000 animals suggested that several genes were associated with components of SPL. Genetic markers were then analyzed against the corresponding records of the sows for reproductive and longevity traits using a validation population of 2,000 commercial females. Right censored data were used to test associations of genetic markers with survival to defined time points. Three distinct models of survival analysis were implemented using nonparametric estimates of the survival distribution in a sequential order, using a parametric accelerated failure time model with a Weibull distribution of the error term, and a Cox proportional hazards model, which is a semiparametric model that uses an unspecified baseline hazard function. The genetic markers CCR7 and CPT1A were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with survival using the nonparametric model and tended (P < 0.1) toward significance using the parametric and semiparametric models with significantly different effects (P < 0.05) between some genotype classes. Genetic markers for MBL2, IGFBP3, and WARS2 also tended (P < 0.1) toward significance for survival traits, but were not consistent. Mixed model analyses were used to determine the associations of these genetic markers with reproductive traits. The genetic markers for IGFBP1, MBL2, CPT1A, CCR7, SLC22A5, and ACE were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with at least 1 reproductive trait. These results show that molecular markers should be considered for use in marker-assisted selection to improve SPL. ABSTRACT: Escalating replacement rates and production costs warrant attention on sow productive life (SPL). Increasing average SPL by one-tenth of 1 parity would result in an annual revenue increase of over $15 million in the United States. Research in model organisms has revealed conserved genes and gene pathways that lead to longer lifespan. The most prominent gene pathways are those involved in growth, most notably genes in the IGF pathway that serve to mimic the response of caloric restriction. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that these well conserved genes and gene pathways could also play a role in SPL, even though the productive life of sows is both a measure of longevity and their reproductive perfor...

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“…The focus on exterior traits in the pig industry is primarily owing to its relationship with leg weakness and the stayability of the animals. Reports from the pig industry (Mote et al, 2009;Norsvin, 2012) suggest that leg weakness and lameness are still major reasons for the culling of sows. More than three decades ago, Reiland (1978) claimed that osteochondrosis (OC) was a major contributor to leg weakness, and several groups have more recently investigated the relationship between exterior assessment and OC (Jørgensen and Andersen, 2000;Luther et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic trends of conformation traits and genetic correlations to osteochondrosis in boars

Aasmundstad

Gjerlaug-Enger

Grindflek

et al. 2014

animal

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The objective of our study was to investigate the heritabilities and genetic correlations between traits from a linear exterior assessment system and osteochondrosis (OC) measured by computed tomography (CT), and in addition, to study the genetic trend in a population where the conformation traits have been included in the breeding goal. The data material consisted of phenotypes from a total of 4571 Norsvin Landrace test boars. At the end of the test period, all boars were subjected to a detailed exterior assessment system. Within 10 days of the assessment, the boars were CT scanned for measuring OC. The total score of osteochondrosis (OCT), used in this study, is the sum of phenotypes from the assessment on the medial and lateral condyles at the distal end of both the humerus and the femur of the right and the left leg of the boar based on images from CT. The exterior assessment traits included in the study were; 'front leg knee' (FKNE), 'front leg pasterns' (FPAS), 'front leg stance' (FSTA), 'front leg twisted pasterns' (FFLK), 'hind leg stance', 'hind leg pasterns' (HPAS), 'hind leg standing under' (HSTU), 'hind leg small inner toe', 'dipped back', 'arched back' (ARCH) and 'waddling hindquarters' (WADL). The estimation of (co)variance components and breeding values were performed using bivariate animal genetic models. Breeding values for HSTU, HPAS, FPAS, WADL and OCT traits were additional outputs from the same bivariate analyses. The lowest heritability was found for FFLK ( h 2 FFLK = 0.05), whereas FPAS was estimated to have the highest heritability ( h 2 FPAS = 0.36), and OCT demonstrating a heritability of 0.29. Significant genetic correlations were found between several traits; the strongest correlation was between FSTA and FFLK (0.94), which was followed by the correlation between FPAS and FKNE (0.69). The traits ARCH and FSTA had significant genetic correlations to OCT, whereas all other genetic correlations between OCT and the conformation traits were low and not significantly different from 0. Our study shows positive genetic trends for the conformation traits included in the breeding goal. In general, low genetic correlations between conformation traits and OC were observed in our study.

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Evaluation of Current Reasons for Removal of Sows from Commercial Farms

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Frequency of removal reasons of sows in Southeastern Mexico

Frequency of removal reasons of sows in Southeastern Mexico

Identification of genetic markers for productive life in commercial sows1

Genetic trends of conformation traits and genetic correlations to osteochondrosis in boars

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