Evaluation of chemo-preventive efficacy of Ficus religiosa latex extract by flow cytometry analysis and gene expression studies performed by RT-PCR in various cell lines

Abstract

Background An extract of Ficus religiosa latex has been previously found to possess potent pharmacological activity with high antioxidant content phytochemical. The present research was conducted to investigate the chemo-preventive efficacy of latex extract on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA MB 231, human neroblastoma IMR 32, and human colorectal HCT 116 cell lines. Results The results showed that the latex crude extract induced cytotoxicity in all the selected cell lines with IC50 value 4.8 ± 1.13 μg/ml against the IMR 32 cell line. The cell cycle analysis results indicated the arrest and accumulation of cells at G1 phase in case of MDA MB 231 cells and HCT 116 cells whereas in the case of IMR 32 cells the arrest was in G2/M phase. The clear bands of fragments observed in DNA ladder experiments showed that apoptosis is induced by extracts in the cell lines. This could be correlated with the gene level expression studies on selected pro-apoptotic (p53 and caspase-3) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2, AKT) genes, which got upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Conclusion Based on the experimental evidence, Ficus religiosa contains phytochemicals with potent antitumor activities.

Anticancer, Anticoagulant, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Thevetia peruviana Latex with Molecular Docking of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities

“…At 500 μg/mL, very few cells appeared to have drastic changes, indicating high detachment and entering into the death phase, perhaps due to disturbance of the nuclear membrane. Other reports found similar effects, but using Calotropis procera latex [ 49 ] and Ficus religiosa latex extract [ 50 ]. The results of anticancer activity of latex were compared with adriamycin as positive control, with IC 50 , 58.07 μg/mL against PC3, and 38.20 μg/mL against MCF-7.…”

Tap the sap – investigation of latex-bearing plants in the search of potential anticancer biopharmaceuticals

“…Prominent morphological changes like loss of shape, disruption of the nuclear membrane and detachment of cells from the culture plate bottom were noticed, along with inhibition of cell growth and cell death after 24 h. Additional studies of apoptotic genes showed changes in their expression ( Table 3 ). Flow cytometry also showed cell arrest in the C1 and C2/M phase cancer cell lines treated with latex extracts ( Saida et al., 2021 ). F. religiosa , along with F. benghalensis , was also effective against MCF-7, leading up to 90% growth inhibition with 200 μg/ml concentration used ( Tulasi et al., 2018 ).…”

“…Cysteine proteinases (ficin) (Rubnov et al, 2001;Solomon et al, 2006;Hashemi et al, 2011) Ficus religiosa Flavonols (quercetin and myricetin) Phytosterols (stigmasterol and b-sitosterol) (Saida et al, 2021) Ficus pseudopalma 3) (Ghanbari et al, 2019). Fatma Mousa AlGhalban et al compared the activity of latex of F. carica and less studied Ficus specie F. salicifolia, native to the United Arab Emirates and used traditionally to treat cough, chest inflammation, scorpion stings and bruises (Gushash, 2006).…”

Thevetia peruviana: Its Phytochemistry, Traditional and Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Activities

“…Unquestionably, recent research has demonstrated that latex contains numerous substances that are very useful in the fight against cancer. 30,31 Anticoagulant activity Researchers utilized PT time and powered incomplete thromboplastin time assays to assess the cell viability anticoagulation action of PT mucilage, and it was discovered that it possesses effective anticoagulant properties. [32][33][34][35] Antifungal activity T. peruviana seedlings were examined for antifungal photoactivity.…”