Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Fungicides to Control White Rust in Chrysanthemum Grown Under Open Condition

Abstract

The effort to reduce chemicals has become an important issue in floriculture agribusiness. The chemicals included fungicides for white rust control in chrysanthemum. The combined application of synthetic fungicide with biological agent and botanical fungicide were expected not only to reduce synthetic fungicide application, but also suppressed the white rust attacks. The research was conducted at the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI). A factorial randomized complete blocked experiment was designed to facilitate combined applications of hexaconazol-50 (SFH-50), antagonist microbe Corynebacterium sp. (Cor-5) and formulated botanical fungicide CEES 50EC (ES-50). The results showed that the combined SFH-50 with Cor-5 and ES-50 merely affected the disease intensity, yet less on white rust incidence, period of disease emergence, plant growth, flower production and quality. All combined applications of SFH-50 with Cor-5 and ES-50 showed lower disease intensity than single SFH-50. Higher suppressions were detected on 1 ml/l SFH-50 + 5 ml/l Cor-5-3 and 1 ml/l SFH-50 + 2 ml/l ES-50-3. The use of antagonist microbe and botanical fungicide singly or in combination with synthetic fungicide could reduce with the higher affectivity than single synthetic fungicide application

Efficacy of Selected Plant Extracts to Control Leaf Miner (Lyriomyza spp.) in Chrysanthemum

“…Greater suppression referred to lesser damages on leaf tissues, thus increased potential leaf area for photosynthesis to support plant growth and flower development (Jones, Parrella, & Hodel, 1986), including the number of marketable flower, though the effects were less visible on flower diameter. The growth improvement and yield as results of botanical pesticide application were also reported in chrysanthemum (Rahardjo, Budiarto, & Marwoto, 2019), citrus (Shinde et al, 2017), tomato (de Evert, López, & de López, 2015, coffee (Alves et al, 2013), other economically important crops.…”

“…Several authors also reported the effectivity of Chinese mahogany leaf extract, C. pyrethrum petal extract and Chinaberry leaf extract in controlling many insect pests in several economically important crops though in different concentrations (Ahmadi, Amiri-Besheli, & Hosieni, 2012;Ateyyat & Abu-Darwish, 2009;El-Wakeil, 2013;Pavela, 2009;Shawan, Rashed, Mitu, & Jahan, 2018;Xavier et al, 2015;Zhong, Lv, & Qin, 2017). Greater supression of these botanical extracts also indicated that these potential substances should furtherly be assesed for their efficacy, proper formulation and concentrations, and application in regards to be the alternative and complementary eco-friendly substances from the existing methods and/or commercial biopesticides (Rahardjo, Budiarto, & Marwoto, 2019) to control leafminer in chrysanthemum.…”

Synergistic Action of PGPR and Biofungicide with Active Ingredient of Cladosporium clasporioides to Control White Rust on Chrysanthemum

“…The chemicals employ even in the absence of the symptoms and intensity of the diseases to assure the marketable flower quality. In long and frequent applications, these costly practices increased production cost, induced pathogen resistance, and made the chemicals no longer effective (Mahish & Ghritlahare, 2017;Rahardjo et al, 2019;Singh & Vijay, 2011).…”

Evaluation of Cladosporium sp. Mycoparacites as Biocontrol Agents of White Rust Disease on Chrysanthemum

“…The disease intensity and severity depended on genotype resistances and environmental conditions. High humidity coupled with warmer temperature might induce a conducive Copyright © 2019 Universitas Brawijaya circumstance for the pathogen to develop rapidly in susceptible cultivars (Bonde et al, 2015;Rahardjo, Budiarto, & Marwoto, 2019).…”