Evaluation of Biochemical Components fromPterophylla beltrani(Bolivar & Bolivar) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): A Forest Pest from Northeastern Mexico

Recent insights into the extraction, characterization, and bioactivities of chitin and chitosan from insects

“…00–11. 25 mol L −1 NaOH for 3 h 130 °C 28.7 NA NA NA Wang et al (2013) Lucanus cervus 1 M NaOH in 90 °C for 14 h 1 M HCl in 90 °C for 1 h chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:4, v: v) NA 10.9 NA XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM NA Kabalak et al (2020) Polyphylla fullo 11.3 Orthoptera Grasshopper 1 M NaOH in 90 °C for 2 h 1 M HCl in 30 °C for 2 h 2% KMnO 4 for 2 h 60% NaOH in 100 °C for 8 h NA 5.7 XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM Rheological Luo et al (2019) Mexican katydid, Pterophylla beltrani NA NA NA NA 11.8 58.8 NA Anti-oxidant Torres-Castillo et al (2015) Moroccan locust, Dociostaurus maroccanus 2 M NaOH in 50 °C for 18 h 2 M HCl in 55 °C for 1 h Methanol, chloroform and distilled water (in the ratio of 2:1:4) 60% NaOH in 150 °C for 4 h Nymphs-12 Adults-14 Nymphs- 77.38 Adults-81.69 FT-IR, TGA, XRD, ESEM NA Erdogan and Kaya (2016) House cricket, Brachytrupes ...…”

“…Chitin can be converted into chitosan using chemical methods ( Philibert, Lee, & Fabien, 2017 ) at industrial scale due to the feasibility of mass production. For crustacean shell waste and insects, the chemical method of deacetylation uses alkali-NaOH ( Anand, Kalaivani, Maruthupandy, Kumaraguru, & Suresh, 2014 ; N. H.; Marei et al, 2016 ; Paulino, Simionato, Garcia, & Nozaki, 2006 ; Y. S.; Song et al, 2018 ; Srinivasan et al, 2018 ; Torres-Castillo et al, 2015 ) or acids to deacetylate chitin. Since glycosidic bonds are highly vulnerable to acid, alkali is proposed to be a better chemical option ( Hajji et al, 2014 ).…”

“…Further, grasshoppers, Pterophylla beltrani , locusts and crickets was reported as 11.8%, 20.5%, 16.5%, 5.3%, 7.4%, 5.7%, 6.5%, 8.1%, 8.9%, 6.6%, 22.5%, 12.2%, 12%, 14%, 4.3–7.1%, 4.71–11.84%, 20.91–23.35%, 9.8% and 10.1% of chitin in DW. While, chitosan content of the grasshoppers, Pterophylla beltrani , locusts and crickets was found to be 5.7%, 75%, 76%, 58.8%, 81.69%, 55%, 70.03–94.14% and 2.4–5.8% DW, respectively ( Ibitoye et al, 2018 ; Kabalak et al, 2020 ; Kaya, Baran, & Karaarslan, 2015 ; M. W.; Kim, Song, Han, et al, 2017 ; Torres-Castillo et al, 2015 ). It was reported that the chitin and chitosan contents of hymenopteran species such as honey bee, Apsis mellifera ( N. Marei, Elwahy, Salah, El Sherif, & Abd El-Samie, 2019 ; Nemtsev, Zueva, Khismatullin, Albulov, & Varlamov, 2004 ; Tsaneva et al, 2018 ) different varied from wasp species ( Kaya, Bağrıaçık, Seyyar, & Baran, 2015 ; Kaya et al, 2016 ) and Bumblebee, Bombus terrestris ( Majtán et al, 2007 ) ranged between 2.5 and 40%, 16–25% and 2.2–11.9% DW.…”

“…Generally, naturally derived compounds have been used to treat free radical-mediated harmful effects in biological systems. Numerous studies have examined the antioxidant activities of chitin and chitosan from insects ( Ai et al, 2008 ; Kaya, Bitim, et al, 2015 ; Kaya, Bulut, et al, 2016 ; C.; Song et al, 2013 ; Torres-Castillo et al, 2015 ; S.-J. ; Wu et al, 2013 ).…”

“…Additionally, C. molossus L. consists of 33 g/100 g of chitin that demonstrates better mechanical properties, including tensile strength (62 mPa) and elongation at break (10.4%), for the production of a biodegradable film similar to that of commercial medical grade shrimp chitosan film ( Ma et al, 2015 ). Further, chitin isolated from Pterophylla beltrani showed better antifungal activity against the entomopathogenic fungi M. anisoplia ( Torres-Castillo et al, 2015 ).…”