Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Aqueous, Methanolic and Alkaloid Extracts from Mitragyna Speciosa (Rubiaceae Family) Leaves

Abstract

Studies on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Mitragyna speciosa leaf extracts are lacking. In this study the antioxidant properties of water, methanolic and alkaloid M. speciosa leaf extracts were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. The amount of total phenolics and flavanoid contents were also estimated. The DPPH IC50 values of the aqueous, alkaloid and methanolic extracts were 213.4, 104.81 and 37.08 μg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic content of the aqueous, alkaloid and methanolic extracts were 66.0 mg, 88.4, 105.6 mg GAE/g, respectively, while the total flavanoid were 28.2, 20.0 and 91.1 mg CAE/g respectively. The antioxidant activities were correlated with the total phenolic content. This result suggests that the relatively high antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract compared to aqueous and alkaloid extract could be possibly be due to its high phenolic content. The aqueous, alkaloid and methanolic extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity. The extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi and Bacillus subtilis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts determined by the broth dilution method ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 mg/mL. The alkaloid extract was found to be most effective against all of the tested organisms.

Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine

“…This research also highlights the need for regulations to prevent boosting the concentration of addictive Kratom is sold on the internet and in specialty stores (i.e., head shops) as capsules, tablets, powder, concentrated extract, gum, or raw leaves for chewing or brewing tea [6,13,31]. Reported benefits include anticancer and antioxidant effects [32,33], antiinflammatory properties [34], appetite reduction, glycemic control, treatment of chronic pain [35,36], antidepressant actions [37], antidiarrheal and antimalarial properties [1,38], treatment of ethanol [36,39] or opioid withdrawal [1,40,41], and antibacterial activity [33]. Due to its stimulant and opioid-like properties, Kratom is also consumed for analgesic and recreational purposes [26].…”

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of twoSpondiasspecies from Northeastern Brazil

“…The DPPH method may be employed routinely with aqueous-organic extracts containing hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. In the evaluation of antioxidant activities of aqueous, methanol and alkaloid extracts from Mitragyna speciosa leaves, the DPPH IC 50 values were 0.213, 0.104 and 0.037 mg/mL, respectively (Parthasarathy et al, 2009). A study performed on other Spondias species indicate the presence of antioxidants but failed to provide information about the profile of phenolic compounds (Hazra et al, 2008).…”

Antioxidant capacity of hydrolyzed protein fractions obtained from an under-explored seed protein: Gingerbread plum (Neocarya macrophylla)

“…The scavenging activity of GPKH on DPPH was determined using the method described by Parthasarathy et al (2009) with slight modifications. This method depends on the reduction of purple DPPH to a pale yellow colored diphenyl picrylhydrazine.…”