Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potency and Phytochemical Screening of Persea americana Leaf Extracts against Selected Bacterial and Fungal Isolates of Clinical Importance

Abstract

Aim: The quest for novel bioactive from natural sources informed the evaluation of the antimicrobial alongside the phytochemical composition of leaf extracts of Persea americana obtained from Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Study Design: This study assessed the prospective antimicrobial efficacy of Persia americana against selected clinically relevant bacteria and fungi. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted between April and September, 2015 at the Microbiology 2 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Salmonella typhi ATCC 33489) were obtained from the Pathology and Clinical Laboratory of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos State, Nigeria while Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus were obtained from the culture collection center of the Department of Microbiology, FUTA. The authenticity of the bacterial and fungal isolates were confirmed using standard procedures. Persea americana leaves were collected from a building opposite BTO hall Ilesha garage, Akure, Ondo State and identified at the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure.Antimicrobial activities of the leaves extract were assessed on clinical and typed microbial cultures using standard microbiological procedures. Results: The extracts displayed varying antimicrobial activities against all the test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 10.27 mm to 34.20 mm. The leaves extracts were effective against all the organisms; with the methanolic P. americana extract having the highest antibacterial activity (34.20 mm) while the acetone extract had the highest antifungal activity (12.60 mm). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and saponins. Conclusion: This study supports the claims that P. americana leaves could be promising in the development of drugs to combat human diseases especially those of fungal and bacterial origin.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antidiabetic Effects of Leaf Extracts from Persea americana Mill. (Lauraceae)

“…Acetone extracts have shown noteworthy reduction in the growth of various microbes [33,34]. In other studies [8], the acetone extract was shown to particularly extract tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins from P. americana leaves, which may be attributed to the antibacterial activity observed in this study. e antimicrobial activity of extracts from P. americana was evaluated against both Gram-positive (S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (K. pneumoniae) bacteria.…”

“…Different parts of the plant have received remarks for their therapeutic effects against skin infections, stomachaches, anaemia, skin ulcers, and diabetes [7]. Ajayi et al [8] evaluated the effects of methanolic leaf extracts of P. americana against clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. e study showed that the extracts possess potent antibacterial activities.…”

“…e study showed that the extracts possess potent antibacterial activities. e work by Ajayi et al [8] attributed the antibacterial effects observed to the presence of secondary plant metabolites. Traditionally, P. americana is widely used as a source of medicine and food in many parts of the world.…”

In Vitro Inhibitory Effect and Kinetic Studies of Selected Local Plant Extracts with Anti-Obesity Potentials on Pancreatic Lipase

“…Phytochemicals screenings of Avocado showed the presence of saponins, phytosterols tannins, polyphenols, alkaloidscarotenoids, tocopherols, and terpenoids as themain bioactive components in the extract of leaves, fruit, pulp, and roots, which may explain the reported inhibitory activity from this work and many other similar works. [17][18][19] This result provided a kinetic basis on the findings that Avocado contains nutrients and bioactive compounds that showed an anti-obesity effect, therefore, helps in reducing the risk of becoming overweight/obese. 20,21 It also serves as nutraceuticals against obesity.…”

Antibacterial Potential by Rupture Membrane and Antioxidant Capacity of Purified Phenolic Fractions of Persea americana Leaf Extract

“…These compounds belong to the hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid families. Furthermore, saponins, steroids, terpenes, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides have been detected in leaf and seed extracts of P. americana obtained with methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate [ 62 , 63 ]. Although it is clear that the composition depends on the type of extraction.…”