Evaluation of Anticancer Bioactive Compounds and Cytotoxicity of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix Dc.) Callus Extract Post Preservation

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that kaffir lime extract is toxic to breast cancer T47D cells. To increase the bioactive compound's production for traditional cancer medicine raw material, we induce kaffir lime callus in vitro. One strategy to continuously produce kaffir lime callus is by using callus preservation. Our preliminary study used two preservation methods of callus, which are stored in 4 0C with or without alginate encapsulation. However, low temperatures and alginate encapsulation can be stress factors for plants, affecting the production of bioactive compounds and their anticancer ability. This study's objective was to determine the bioactive compounds of callus with and without preservation and their effect on the cytotoxicity against cancer cells. GC-MS detected the bioactive compounds in the extract, and cytotoxicity of callus against breast cancer (T47D), and non-cancer cell (Vero) is tested using MTT method. The results showed that preservation in 4 0C with and without encapsulation caused a change in bioactive compounds' profile. The change mainly precursor compound in callus, after being preserved and recultured, then changes into intermediates or final compounds, indicating the difference in growth phases. The terpenoid compounds detected after preservation are squalene and geranyl linalool. However, Kaffir lime callus extract pre and post preservation are not cytotoxic to both cancer and non-cancer cells. Therefore, the preservation method did not act as an elicitor to callus.

Recent Advances in Chemistry and Antioxidant/Anticancer Biology of Monoterpene and Meroterpenoid Natural Product

“…Geranyl acetate ( 2c , Figure 3 ) is a major component of various essential oils and plant extracts that have shown biological activity. A recent study described the cytotoxicity of this compound from the essential oils of kaffir lime callus [ 29 ]. This study conducted MTT assays on the breast cancer cell line, T47D and non-cancerous cells Sel Vero.…”

“…The results of these assays showed a low cytotoxicity in both cancerous and noncancerous cells. The determined IC 50 values exceeded 100 μg/mL in both cases [ 29 ]. These findings suggest that the acetate group makes this compound much more cell permeable.…”