Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Acute Toxicity of Methanol Extracts of Artemisia absinthium, Datura stramonium, and Solanum anguivi

Abstract

Background Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous defense mechanisms against commercial antimicrobial agents, and their resistance to most of the available antimicrobials is increasing. Medicinal plants are a potential source of antimicrobial agents during the spread and emergence of infectious disease caused by resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity of 80% methanol extracts of leaves of Artemisia absinthium , seeds of Datura stramonium , and fruit of Solanum anguivi . Materials and Methods The 80% methanol extracts were prepared by cold maceration. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against five bacterial species using agar-well diffusion at concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 mg/mL in the presence of positive and negative controls. Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth dilution. The acute toxicity study was done following OECD guidelines. Results The 80% methanol extract of the fruit of S. anguivi exhibited better activity against most of the bacterial strains, of which Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was found to be the most susceptible, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 1.3 mg/mL and 1.95 mg/mL, respectively, while the seed extract of D. stramonium showed the least activity against most test organisms. The acute toxicity study showed that all three plants had an LD 50 >2,000 mg/kg body weight, and were thus safe. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that the methanol extracts of the three plants ( A. absinthium , D. stramonium , and S. anguivi ) had different degrees of antibacterial activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria and were safe at higher doses, thus being of great potential to be developed as antibacterial agents. The study also provided scientific evidence to support the continued traditional use of these medicinal plants by communities in different parts of Ethiopia to treat infectious diseases.

Activities of Datura stramonium Extracts against Clinical Pathogens

“…"Plants have always been a source of drugs for the treatment of human ailments, and millions of people in the world rely on medicinal plants for primary health care" [1][2][3]. In this study, the antibacterial activities of the extracts of D. stramonium pulp, seed and leaf using 50% and 75% ethanol as extraction solvents were conducted against some clinically isolated human pathogenic microorganisms.…”

“…Plant extracts contain extensive range of chemical compounds that can be used to treat long-lasting diseases as well as transmittable infections [1][2][3]. "These chemical compounds which include tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinfectious and antitumor activities" [1][2][3][4]. "During the past decades, infectious diseases have been the leading cause of death throughout the globe, particularly in the developing countries" [5].…”

Molecular docking, Dynamics and Experimental approach integrated identification of Phytopharmaceuticals against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

“…Subsequently, 50 µL of a test sample, prepared from a stock solution with a concentration of 1mg/mL, was introduced into the well. The plates were subjected to incubation for a duration of 24 hours at a temperature of 37°C [Arage M et al, 2022]. The analysis of the results was conducted by measuring the diameter of the inhibitory zones.…”