Evaluating the impact of HBM-based education on exercise among health care workers: the usage of mobile applications in Iran

Abstract

Background Mechanical life made us witness the growing increase of chronic diseases despite the prominent scientific developments in the field of health, treatment and control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of educational intervention based on Health Belief Model (HBM) using mobile applications (Telegram messenger) on doing exercise among the health care workers of Ilam university of medical sciences in 2017. Methods In this interventional study, 114 people working in Ilam University of medical sciences participated in two groups of intervention and control (employed at two different cities) after providing the informed consent form. HBM-ISCS questionnaire was used to collect the required data and its reliability was approved using Cronbach’s alpha. Descriptive statistics, chi square, t test, repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) and structural equation model (SEM) were used. Results Half of the participants were men, 58.77% of them were undergraduate. The mean and SD of their age was 37.61 ± 4.88 years. Based on the results of the repeated measures analysis of variance test (before and after the intervention) in the intervention group, there were significant difference in all of the HBM constructs (perceived barriers was excepted), daily and weekly exercises, blood biochemical markers of the participants (P > 0.05). The above changes were not significant in the control group (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion Exercise is closely related to the beliefs of people, so implementing educational interventions based on Telegram messenger with emphasis on health beliefs and using HBM can lead to have exercise. Therefore, this application can be a suitable tool to deliver trainings, especially when holding in-person classes is difficult.

mHealth interventions targeting movement behaviors in Asia: A scoping review

“…Over half (43/80, 53.8% 51,55,57–60,62–66,68,71,72,74,80,83–85,87,88,91,92,94,99,106,108,111,112,117–119,122–126,129,132,133 ) of studies did not report a theoretical framework for intervention development. Of the 37 studies (46.3% 54,61,67,69,70,73,75–79,82,86,89,90,93,95–98,100–105,107,109,110,113–116,121,127,128,130,131 ) that did, social‐cognitive theory was most commonly reported (8/80, 10.0% 54,76,86,97,104,105,107,121 ).…”

“…Of these 17 countries/territories, eight are classified as high‐income, six are upper middle‐income, and three are lower middle‐income countries/territories. In total, 52 studies were conducted in high‐income (65.0% 54,55,57–81,90–108,113–116,129,131 ), 23 in upper middle‐ (28.7% 82–84,86–89,109–112,117–124,128,132,133 ), and five in lower middle‐income countries/territories (6.3% 51,125–127,130 ). There were no studies from low‐income countries.…”

“…Most were randomized (31/80, 38.8% 56,57,59–63,65,68,73–75,89,93,94,96,98–100,105,109,111,114,115,117–119,126,129,130,132,134 ) or quasi‐experimental trials (22/80, 27.5% single group pre–post 51,67,70,71,77–79,81,86,87,91,97,103,106,108,112,113,120–123,133 ; 10/80, 12.5% non‐randomized control trials 54,58,64,72,80,84,90,102,110,125 ); usability studies using mixed methods (8/80, 10.0% 69,76,92,104,107,127,128,131 ) or qualitative usability studies (4/80, 5.0% 82,83,85,88 ); three cross‐sectional (3/80, 3.8% 66,95,124 ); and one qualitative study 101 . Studies targeted adults (56/80, 70.0% 51,54,57,59,60,66–68,70–78,80,84–86,88,89,91,92,95,96,98,99,101–105,107–110,112–114,117,119,120,122–133 ), older adults (12/80, 15.0% 58,61–65,79,81,87,94,116,118 ), and children/adolescents (5/80, 6.3% 56,90,93,115,121 ); four recruited child–parent dyads (4/80, 5....…”

“…Most interventions targeted physical activity (75/80, 93.8% 51,54,55,57,58,60–62,64–68,70–72,74–81,83–108,110,112–133 ), few targeted sedentary behavior (6/80, 7.5% 59,80,98,100,109,127 ), or sleep (7/80, 8.8% 69,77,82,109,111,114,128 ). Most targeted just one movement behavior (72/80, 90.0%), typically physical activity (68/80, 85.0% 51,54,55,57,58,60–68,70–76,78,79,81,83–97,99,101–108,110,112,113,115–126,129–133 ); three targeted sleep alone (3/80, 3.8% 82,111 ); and one targeted sedentary behavior (1/80, 1.3% 59 ). Where two movement behaviors were targeted (8/80, 10.0%), these were physical activity and sedentary behavior (4/80, 5.0% 80,98,100,127 ) and physical activity and sleep (3/80, 3.8% 77,114,128 ), ...…”

“…The type of mHealth technology used in the interventions varied. Fifty‐six interventions used a single mHealth component: delivered wholly via an app (23/80, 28.7% 68–70,79,82,83,85,88,89,91,92,95–97,103,106–109,113,114,124,126,128–130 ), pedometer (not app based; 19/80, 23.8% 55,60–68,87,94,112,115,116,119,120,123,132 ), or text messages (14/80, 17.5% 51,72–75,84,90,93,96,110,111,117,118,125 ). The remaining 24 interventions used a combination of an app and text messages (7/80, 8.8% 59,99,101,104,122,127,131 ), wearable plus associated app (e.g., Fitbit app; 7/80, 8.8% 57,77,80,81,98,100,121 ), pedometer (not app based) along with text messages (4/80, 5.0% 54,71,86,133 ), or wearable and associated app and text messages together (3/80, 3.8% 76,78,105 ).…”