Evaluating the Effects of Beach Nourishment on Littoral Morphodynamics at Kuala Nerus, Terengganu (Malaysia)

Abstract

Since 2008, Kuala Nerus has undergone rapid urbanization along its coastline, resulting in the loss of sand along the littoral zone. Due to the heavy erosion in 2012 at Tok Jembal beach that migrated to Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) beach in 2013, the Department of Irrigation and Drainage has implemented a coastal defence project to mitigate erosion by building a series of ripraps/revetments along the coasts. Additionally, breakwaters and groyne structures were built in combination with beach nourishment programme. For the sustenance of the local fishermen community, the Malaysia Public Works Department replaced one of the breakwaters to a jetty-type breakwater at Tok Jembal beach. Shoreline evaluations, beach profile measurements and numerical modelling were used in this present study to identify the effectiveness of combining the coastal defence and beach nourishment programmes. The combination of programmes successfully initiated the accretion of a ~30 m beach dune and created new beaches. However, erosion remains persistent in the beach that was unprotected and exposed directly to the South China Sea. We posit that a combination of coastal defence and beach nourishment programmes can potentially interrupt dynamic coastal processes, especially the current parameters.

Analysis of Long-Term Shoreline Observations in the Vicinity of Coastal Structures: A Case Study of South Bali Beaches

“…MeEPASoL can determine the direction of the predominant incident angle of waves as a function of shoreline orientation to generate a new equilibrium shoreline [11,21]. The model formulated the form of a static equilibrium crenulated bay with a parabolic relationship, as shown in Equation (8), where C 0 , C 1 , and C 2 are fitting coefficients, and the sum of the fitting coefficients must equal 1; β is the incident wave, and R is the radius from the control point to the beach line with an angle θ.…”

“…Shoreline deformation in many areas has been formally evaluated without sufficient data from periodic coastal observations during project implementation, which has led to the serious deformation of the shoreline, threatening coastal structures and nearby coastal systems [5]. Coastal erosion is a global problem facing a number of nations worldwide [6][7][8][9][10]. In Southeast Asia, for instance, over the last 15 years (2000-2015), the coastline has experienced 5% deposition and 6% retreat, based on remote sensing data extraction [7].…”

Intertidal intercepted sediment at jetties along the Gulf of Thailand

“…Based on the theory of sediment budget (Kamphuis, 2010), coastal erosion can occur when the quantity of incoming sediment is less than the quantity of sediment leaving a certain coastal cell. Understanding and being able to estimate the net quantity of sediment transport is, therefore, one of the key requirements that lead to sustainable coastal management (Ariffin et al, 2020;Fortunato et al, 2021).…”

“…Many structures are constructed in coastal zones to protect the coast and to enhance the quality of living (Saengsupavanich, 2013;Oyegbile and Oyegbile, 2017;Saengsupavanich, 2017;Ariffin et al, 2020;Zulfakar et al, 2020). Jetties are one of the most encountered coastal structures.…”

Evaluation of coastal hydrodynamic performance using statistical analysis at the Kelantan coast, Malaysia

“…The human population and activities are increasing in the coastal regions. Therefore, numerical modelling is an effective tools in order to ensure that the coastal areas do not become hazardous to human life and economic interests, including sustainably managed (Ariffin, 2018;Ariffin et al 2020;Ehsan et al 2019;Gill et al, 2014;Mohamed Rashidi et al 2021). Hence, it is crucial to understand the hydrodynamics and the transport of sediments on coastal areas and their effects (Haditiar et al 2019;Tam et al 2019;Zhang et al, 2009).…”