Evaluating risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoking individuals using two Australian studies

Cheng, Elvin S.; Weber, Marianne; Steinberg, Julia; Canfell, Karen; Yu, Xue Qin

doi:10.1007/s00432-022-04043-9

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Key to its success will be engaging those with the highest risk, including the migrant groups identified here. Further, lung cancer among individuals without a smoking history will also be important to monitor, especially among Asian-born females who have disproportionately higher rates (Cheng et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence profile of four major cancers among migrants in Australia, 2005–2014

Weber

Smith

et al. 2023

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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Purpose To compare the incidence profile of four major cancers in Australia by place of birth. Methods In this retrospective population-based cohort study, the analysis included 548,851 residents diagnosed with primary colorectum, lung, female breast, or prostate cancer during 2005–2014. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for migrant groups relative to Australian-born. Results Compared with Australian-born residents, most migrant groups had significantly lower incidence rates for cancers of the colorectum, breast and prostate. The lowest rates of colorectal cancer were among males born in Central America (IRR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.29–0.74) and females born in Central Asia (IRR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.23–0.64). Males born in North-East Asia had the lowest rates of prostate cancer (IRR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.38–0.43) and females born in Central Asia had the lowest rates of breast cancer (IRR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.70). For lung cancer, several migrant groups had higher rates than Australian-born residents, with the highest rates among those from Melanesia (males IRR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.10–1.76; females IRR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.10–1.78). Conclusions This study describes cancer patterns among Australian migrants, which are potentially helpful in understanding the etiology of these cancers and guiding the implementation of culturally sensitive and safe prevention measures. The lower incidence rates observed for most migrant groups may be maintained with continued emphasis on supporting communities to minimize modifiable risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption and participation in organized cancer screening programmes. Additionally, culturally sensitive tobacco control measures should be targeted to migrant communities with high lung cancer incidence rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence profile of four major cancers among migrants in Australia, 2005–2014

Weber

Smith

et al. 2023

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol

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“…In support of this was a recent Australian study evaluating the risk factors in LCINS. They explored demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors in NS and found growing evidence that ethnicity could be considered when assessing potential risk factors in LCINS [24]. Furthermore, methylation profiles of LCINS are different from smokers, with 16p chromosomal aberration gain being more frequent in NS [25].…”

Section: Setd2mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Functional Genomics Review of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers

Hamouz,

Hammouz,

Bajwa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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There is currently a dearth of information regarding lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS). Additionally, there is a difference in somatic mutations, tumour mutational burden, and chromosomal aberrations between smokers and never smokers (NS), insinuating a different disease entity in LCINS. A better understanding of actionable driver alterations prevalent in LCINS and the genomic landscape will contribute to identifying new molecular targets of relevance for NS that will drastically improve outcomes. Differences in treatment outcomes between NS and smokers, as well as sexes, with NSCLC suggest unique tumour characteristics. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase mutations and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) gene rearrangements are more common in NS and have been associated with chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, NS are less likely to benefit from immune mediators including PD-L1. Unravelling the genomic and epigenomic underpinnings of LCINS will aid in the development of not only novel targeted therapies but also more refined approaches. This review encompasses driver genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of LCINS and a deeper exploration of the genomic landscape and tumour microenvironment. We highlight the dire need to define the genetic and environmental aspects entailing the development of lung cancer in NS.

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Lung cancer screening for never smokers: current evidence and future directions

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2024

Singapore Medical Journal

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Screening for lung cancer using low-dose computed tomography is an established means for early lung cancer detection in smokers, but the role of screening for never smokers is unclear. In the 13 lung cancer screening studies involving unselected never smokers, detection rates ranged from 0.1% to 1.1% and positive predictive values ranged from 0.4% to 4.5%. In three lung cancer screening studies involving selected never smokers, selection was based primarily on occupational asbestos exposure, environmental radon exposure and family history of lung cancer in first-degree relatives. Detection rates ranged from 0.3% to 2.6%, and positive predictive values ranged from 0.7% to 15%. Also, 80%–100% of lung cancer cases discovered by screening were early stage, with limited data suggesting survival benefit. Lung cancer screening for never smokers with selected risk factors may achieve detection rates similar to those of screening for high-risk ever smokers. However, further research on optimal subject selection, alternative screening methods and clinical/economic outcomes is needed.

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Evaluating risk factors for lung cancer among never-smoking individuals using two Australian studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Incidence profile of four major cancers among migrants in Australia, 2005–2014

Incidence profile of four major cancers among migrants in Australia, 2005–2014

A Functional Genomics Review of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers

Lung cancer screening for never smokers: current evidence and future directions

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