European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). Principles and structure

Vermeire, Theo; Jager, Tjalling; Bussian, Bernd M.; Devillers, James; Haan, Klaas den; Hansen, B.; Lundberg, Ingvar; Niessen, H.; Robertson, Sara; Tyle, Henrik; Zandt, P.T.J. van der

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00017-9

Cited by 103 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The limited availability of multimedia monitoring data for the approximately 100,000 chemicals of commerce necessitates the use of models for substance-specific assessments [1]. Models that can be used to estimate human exposures include CalTOX, the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES), IMPACT, ACC-HUMAN, and the Risk Assessment IDentification And Ranking (RAI-DAR) model [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. These models are conceptually similar in many respects; however, there are differences in the treatment of key processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the iF is not a function of an actual emission quantity; however, I is directly proportional to iF through estimates of the actual emission rate (E A ; kg/h), as I ¼ iF Á E A . The human total body burden (TBB) is defined as the total mass (kg) of substance in a human body and is a product of the substance concentration, C (kg/m 3 ), and body volume, V (m 3 ). When TBB is measured in monitoring programs, it is an extensive property, insofar as it is dependent on the actual emission rate; however, if normalized to a unit emission rate, TBB can also be used to assess relative human exposure potential for a group of substances in a manner similar to the iF calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multimedia modeling of human exposure to chemical substances: The roles of food web biomagnification and biotransformation

Arnot

Mackay

Parkerton

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Risk Assessment IDentification And Ranking (RAIDAR) model is refined to calculate relative human exposures as expressed by total intake, intake fraction (iF), and total body burden (TBB) metrics. The RAIDAR model is applied to three persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and six petrochemicals using four mode-of-entry emission scenarios to evaluate the effect of metabolic biotransformation estimates on human exposure calculations. When biotransformation rates are assumed to be negligible, daily intake and iFs for the nine substances ranged over six orders of magnitude and TBBs ranged over 10 orders of magnitude. Including biotransformation estimates for fish, birds, and mammals reduced substance-specific daily intake and iF by up to 4.5 orders of magnitude and TBB by more than eight orders of magnitude. The RAIDAR iF calculations are compared to the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) model iF calculations and differences are discussed, especially the treatment of food web bioaccumulation. Model selection and application assumptions result in different rankings of human exposure potential. These results suggest a need to critically consider model selection and to include reliable biotransformation rate estimates when assessing relative human exposure and ranking substances for priority setting. Recommendations for further model evaluations and revisions are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimedia modeling of human exposure to chemical substances: The roles of food web biomagnification and biotransformation

Arnot

Mackay

Parkerton

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, the European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) was developed to address the need to determine the risk posed to human health and the environment of notified current-use and new substances. 1,2 This system relies on a regional distribution model based on the SimpleBox platform 3,4 to generate predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in environmental compartments (e.g. air, water, sediment, soil) that can then serve as input to a human exposure model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial European-scale multimedia fate models: results and implications for chemical risk assessment

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multimedia environmental fate models are commonly-applied tools for assessing the fate and distribution of contaminants in the environment. Owing to the large number of chemicals in use and the paucity of monitoring data, such models are often adopted as part of decision-support systems for chemical risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of three multimedia environmental fate models (spatially-and non-spatially-explicit) at a European scale. The assessment was conducted for four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and compared predicted and median observed concentrations using monitoring data collected for air, water, sediments and soils. Model performance in the air compartment was reasonable for all models included in the evaluation exercise as predicted concentrations were typically within a factor of 3 of the median observed concentrations. Furthermore, there was good correspondence between predictions and observations in regions that had elevated median observed concentrations for both spatiallyexplicit models. On the other hand, all three models consistently underestimated median observed concentrations in sediment and soil by 1-3 orders of magnitude. Although regions with elevated median observed concentrations in these environmental media were broadly identified by the spatially-explicit models, the magnitude of the discrepancy between predicted and median observed concentrations is of concern in the context of chemical risk assessment. These results were discussed in terms of factors influencing model performance such as the steady-state assumption, inaccuracies in emission estimates and the representativeness of monitoring data.

show abstract

“…A more quantitative appreciation of this lack of persistence can be obtained by incorporation of the degradation rates into the EUSES generic multimedia model referred to earlier. 9 Predictions are for a region of area 4 ϫ 10 4 km 2 within a continent similar to western Europe. It is assumed that MDI and TDI are emitted at 1 and 25 g/t used, respectively, and that usage of each within the region is 100,000 t/yr.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 This is a generic (i.e., not site-specific) model and assumes release directly from a low building with no stack. The predictions …”

Section: Dispersion Of Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Potential Environmental Effects of Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate and Toluene Diisocyanate Released into the Atmosphere

Tury¹,

Pemberton²,

Bailey

2003

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Information from a variety of sources has been collected and summarized to facilitate an overview of the atmospheric fate and potential environmental effects of emissions of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) or toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to the atmosphere. Atmospheric emissions of both MDI and TDI are low, both in terms of concentration and mass, because of their low volatility and the need for careful control over all aspects of their lifecycle from manufacture through disposal. Typical emission losses for TDI are 25 g/t of TDI used in slabstock foam production. MDI emission losses are lower, often less than 1 g/t of MDI used. Dispersion modeling predicts that concentrations at the fenceline or beyond are very low for typical releases. Laboratory studies show that TDI (and by analogy MDI) does not react with water in the gas phase at a significant rate. The primary degradation reaction of these aromatic diisocyanates in the atmosphere is expected to be oxidation by OH radicals with an estimated half-life of one day. Laboratory studies also show that this reaction is not expected to result in increased ground-level ozone accumulation.

show abstract

European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES). Principles and structure

Cited by 103 publications

References 10 publications

Multimedia modeling of human exposure to chemical substances: The roles of food web biomagnification and biotransformation

Multimedia modeling of human exposure to chemical substances: The roles of food web biomagnification and biotransformation

Empirical evaluation of spatial and non-spatial European-scale multimedia fate models: results and implications for chemical risk assessment

Fate and Potential Environmental Effects of Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate and Toluene Diisocyanate Released into the Atmosphere

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About