European small portable rainfall simulators: A comparison of rainfall characteristics

Abstract

Small-scale portable rainfall simulators are an essential research tool for investigating the process dynamics of soil erosion and surface hydrology. There is no standardisation of rainfall simulation and such rainfall simulators differ in design, rainfall intensities, rain spectra and research questions, which impede drawing a meaningful comparison between results. Nevertheless, these data become progressively important for soil erosion assessment and therefore, the basis for decision-makers in application-oriented erosion protection.

The immediate effectiveness of barley straw mulch in reducing soil erodibility and surface runoff generation in Mediterranean vineyards

“…Therefore, to avoid border interference, only the 0.24 m 2 of the central part of the sprinkled area is recommended to be used for measurements. Readers are referred to Cerdà et al (1997) and Iserloh et al (2013) for further details (Fig. 2).…”

Rainfall simulation and Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry for the analysis of soil water erosion in Mediterranean vineyards

“…As the nozzle was kept at about 2 m height over a plane surface, the 0.25 m 2 plots were established at the centre of the 1 m 2 sprinkling area, to avoid border interference. Readers are referred to Cerdà et al (1997) and Iserloh et al (2013) for a further description of the rainfall simulator used and Cerdà (1996Cerdà ( , 1997 for more information about the distribution of rainfall parameters. Surface runoff from the plots were collected and measured at 1-min intervals during each simulated rainfall event.…”

“…This works focuses on the use of plot stations under simulated rainfall and on the surface elevation change-based method. Rainfall simulation has become a very effective technique for assessing soil erosion, particle detachment and overland flow at very fine scales (Arnáez et al, 2007;Cerdà et al, 1997;Iserloh et al, 2013;Rodrigo Comino et al, 2016b). Several types and designs of rainfall simulators have been realized to meet the objectives of researchers (Iserloh et al, 2013;Lassu et al, 2015).…”

“…Rainfall simulation has become a very effective technique for assessing soil erosion, particle detachment and overland flow at very fine scales (Arnáez et al, 2007;Cerdà et al, 1997;Iserloh et al, 2013;Rodrigo Comino et al, 2016b). Several types and designs of rainfall simulators have been realized to meet the objectives of researchers (Iserloh et al, 2013;Lassu et al, 2015). In particular, the advantages of using a portable rainfall simulator are: i) its versatility, ii) low cost and easy operation, and iii) capability of obtaining data under controlled conditions and over relatively short periods of time.…”

Perda De Solo Em Diferentes Sistemas De Plantio Por Meio De Chuvas Simuladas Em Lisímetros Volumétricos

“…Diversos estudos vêm sendo realizados a fim de avaliar a quantidade de solo perdido pela erosão hídrica em diferentes sistemas de manejo do solo (Leite et al, 2004;Amaral e Barbosa, 2008;Carvalho et al, 2009), assim como a aplicação de técnicas de chuva simulada para mensurar tais informações (Kinnel, 2006;Bertol et al, 2007a;Bertol et al, 2008, Maier et al, 2013. Os simuladores de chuva têm sido utilizados em estudos hidrológicos para controlar e manipular as variáveis, como o tamanho, intensidade, velocidade terminal e a energia cinética das gotas (Leite et al, 2004;Bertol et al, 2007a;Oliveira et al, 2010;Oliveira et al, 2012a;Iserloh et al, 2013 (Castro et al, 1999). O clima da região, segundo classificação de Köppen, é do tipo Cfb, mesotérmico brando do tipo temperado superúmido, com estações do ano bem definidas e sem estação de seca.…”