Ethnic Militias and Criminality in the Niger-Delta

Abstract

The proliferation of ethnic militia and their activities in

Insecurity the Bane of Development in Nigeria: Echoes from Dramatic Literature

“…Irobi (1989), (Okumagba (2009), Darah (2010) share these view. The bulk of these works also laid blames of terrorism on the door steps of Niger Delta Militants.…”

CSR as Public Relations Strategy for Niger Delta Peace and Development

“…This is an explanation for why the Ken Sa- tal-damage compensation, and a greater say in future oil exploration. In the words of Okumagba, this special conflict analytical mechanism of the frustration-aggression theory is known as the theory of "frustration displacement" [8] or "transferred aggression". This pushes the Niger Delta youth to construct illegal refineries in various parts of the region to in turn exploit God given resources [9].…”

Introduction: Terrorism and Counter-terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa

“…The fact that the overwhelming focus of this special edition is on jihadist terrorism is hardly surprising given not only the current distribution of terrorist activities in the region, but also the current international focus on this particular wave of terrorist activity and the way it intersects with the interests of key players within the international community. However, it would be remiss not to acknowledge that what might be classed as acts of terrorism have been carried out by groups and individuals who draw from very different ideological wells to those of Al Qaeda affiliates: groups such as the Lord's Resistance Army in Uganda (Allen and Vlassenroot, 2010), Christian militia groups in countries including the Central African Republic and Nigeria (BBC, 4/12/2013, Borzello, 2004, extreme right wing groups in South Africa (Welsh, 1995), and ethnic militias and so-called 'civil militias' in West, Central and East Africa (Nyabola, 2009, Okumagba, 2009. Indeed, as Amaliya and Nwankpa's discussion helps to elaborate, there are discussions to be had about the categorisation of groups over time, and the way that contests may be infused with different ideological perspectives and reflect shifting strategic aims (Vidino et al, 2010).…”