Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome

Beydoun, May A.; Gary, Tiffany L.; Caballero, Benjamı́n; Lawrence, Robert S.; Cheskin, Lawrence J.; Wang, Youfa

doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1914

Cited by 236 publications

(246 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…51 --59 Some studies failed to find any relationship, 53,60,61 and one study showed inconsistent results based on the kind of dairy product. 62 Cross-sectional studies cannot reach a casual relationship; therefore, to detect a causal relationship one would need to look at cohort studies. Findings from cohort studies on the association of dairy intake and weight change are inconclusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

et al. 2012

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BACKGROUND: Although several observational and experimental studies have investigated the effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition, results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the published evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of dairy consumption on weight, body fat mass, lean mass and waist circumference (WC) in adults. DESIGN: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, Science Direct and EMBASE were searched from January 1960 to October 2011 for relevant English and non-English publications. Sixteen studies were selected for the systematic review and fourteen studies were included in meta-analysis. RESULTS: Our search led to 14, 12, 6 and 8 eligible RCTs that had data on weight, body fat mass, lean mass and WC, respectively. Overall, mean difference for the effect of dairy on body weight was À0.61 kg (95% confidence interval (CI): À1.29, 0.07, P ¼ 0.08). Increased dairy intake resulted in 0.72 kg (95% CI: À1.29, À0.14, P ¼ 0.01) greater reduction in fat mass, 0.58 kg (95% CI: 0.18, 0.99, Po0.01) gain in lean mass and 2.19 cm (95% CI: À3.42, À0.96, P-value o0.001) further reduction in WC than that in controls. Subgroup analysis revealed that increasing dairy intake without energy restriction in both intervention and control groups does not significantly affect weight, body fat mass, lean mass and WC; consumption of high-dairy weight loss diets led to 1.29 kg (95% CI: À1.98, À0.6, Po0.001) greater weight loss, 1.11 kg (95% CI: À1.75, À0.47, P ¼ 0.001) greater reduction in body fat mass, 0.72 kg (95% CI: 0.12, 1.32, P ¼ 0.02) gain in body lean mass and 2.43 cm (95% CI: À3.42, À1.44, Po0.001) additional reduction in WC compared with controls. CONCLUSION: Increased dairy consumption without energy restriction might not lead to a significant change in weight or body composition; whereas inclusion of dairy products in energy-restricted weight loss diets significantly affects weight, body fat mass, lean mass and WC compared with that in the usual weight loss diets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

et al. 2012

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“…On the other hand, the preponderance of evidence, mostly in adults, indicates that milk intake is more likely to be associated with beneficial cardiometabolic outcomes [13], [39], [40] and [41]. Few studies have shown the beneficial effects of other dairy products [10], [36] and [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Abreu

Moreira

et al. 2014

Nutrition Research

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Epidemiologic studies have reported an inverse association between dairy product consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults, but this relation is relatively unexplored in adolescents. We hypothesized that a higher dairy product intake is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in adolescents. To test this hypothesis, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 494 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years from the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal. We measured fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, body fat, and cardiorespiratory fitness. We also calculated homeostatic model assessment and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. For each one of these variables, a z score was computed using age and sex. A cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was constructed by summing up the z scores of all individual risk factors. High risk was considered to exist when an individual had at least 1 SD from this score. Diet was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire, and the intake of total dairy (included milk, yogurt, and cheese), milk, yogurt, and cheese was categorized as low (equal to or below the median of the total sample) or "appropriate" (above the median of the total sample).The association between dairy product intake and CMRS was evaluated using separate logistic regression, and the results were adjusted for confounders. Adolescents with high milk intake had lower CMRS, compared with those with low intake (10.6% vs 18.1%, P = .018). Adolescents with appropriate milk intake were less likely to have high CMRS than those with low milk intake (odds ratio, 0.531; 95% confidence interval, 0.302-0.931). No association was found between CMRS and total dairy, yogurt, and cheese intake. Only milk intake seems to be inversely related to CMRS in adolescents.

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“…Although some studies suggest a possible beneficial effect of milk and dairy product consumption in relation to individual components of the MetS, there is a need for additional studies to determine the relationship between milk and dairy product intake and risk of the MetS (71) . A study performed in an ethnic diverse US population revealed that the OR for MetS per one additional daily serving of yoghurt was 0·40 (95 % CI 0·18, 0·89), whereas the opposite was found for cheese (OR 1·16; 95 % CI 1·04, 1·29) in a cohort of 4519 men and women (72) . This beneficial association of yoghurt consumption was confirmed in children living in the USA using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort (5124 children aged 2-18 years) (73) .…”

Section: The Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

Lovegrove

Givens

2016

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is rapidly increasingly and is a key risk for CVD development, now recognised as the leading cause of death globally. Dietary strategies to reduce CVD development include reduction of saturated fat intake. Milk and dairy products are the largest contributors to dietary saturated fats in the UK and reduced consumption is often recommended as a strategy for risk reduction. However, overall evidence from prospective cohort studies does not confirm a detrimental association between dairy product consumption and CVD risk. The present review critically evaluates the current evidence on the association between milk and dairy products and risk of CVD, T2DM and the metabolic syndrome (collectively, cardiometabolic disease). The effects of total and individual dairy foods on cardiometabolic risk factors and new information on the effects of the food matrix on reducing fat digestion are also reviewed. It is concluded that a policy to lower SFA intake by reducing dairy food consumption to reduce cardiometabolic disease risk is likely to have limited or possibly negative effects. There remain many uncertainties, including differential effects of different dairy products and those of differing fat content. Focused and suitably designed and powered studies are needed to provide clearer evidence not only of the mechanisms involved, but how they may be beneficially influenced during milk production and processing.

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Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome

Abstract: Various dairy products may have differential associations with metabolic disorders, including obesity. Ethnic differences in dairy consumption may explain in part the ethnic disparities in metabolic disorders in the US population.

Cited by 236 publications

References 67 publications

Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Intake of milk, but not total dairy, yogurt, or cheese, is negatively associated with the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents

Dairy food products: good or bad for cardiometabolic disease?

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