Ethanol Extract of Chinese Propolis Facilitates Functional Recovery of Locomotor Activity after Spinal Cord Injury

Kasai, Masaki; Fukumitsu, Hidefumi; Soumiya, Hitomi; Furukawa, Shoei

doi:10.1155/2011/749627

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…All RNA samples were treated with DNase I to remove contaminating genomic DNA. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed as described previously (22) to assess mRNA levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), BDNF, and neurotrophin (NT)-3, with β-actin mRNA used as the internal control. The amplification was carried out with a thermal cycler at 94°C for 5 min, followed by 24-38 cycles consisting of 94°C for 30 s, 60-65°C for 1 min, and 72°C for 45 s. The sequences of primers, annealing temperatures, and size of PCR products were the following: β-actin, 5'-GTGGGCCGCTCTA GGCACCAA-3' (forward) and 5'-CTCTTTGATAT CACGCACGAT-3' (reverse), 63°C, 542 bp; NGF, 5'-GGCAAGTCAGCCTCTTGTAG-3' (forward) and 5'-GGCAAGTCAGCCTCTTCTTGTAGCCTT CC-3' (reverse), 60°C, 376 bp; BDNF, forward primer, 5'-CCCAGGGCAGGTTCGAGAGG-3' (forward) and 5'-CCGCCAGACATGTCCACTG-3' (reverse), 61°C, 350 bp; NT-3, 5'-TTACCAGAGCACCCTG CCCAAA-3' (forward) and 5'-ACCTGGTGTCCCC GAATGTCAA-3' (reverse), 61°C, 348 bp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiolytic-like effect of trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester in stress-induced anxiety-like model mice

et al. 2013

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is considered to be involved in the etiology and treatment of stress-related mood disorders including anxiety. However, application of BDNF itself has many technical and pharmacological problems such as instability and/or a lack of appropriate delivery systems. To overcome these, we developed trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester (DAEE) as a stable and small molecule with BDNF-like activities. In the present study, we tested the activities of DAEE on a stress-induced anxiety-like mouse model. Mice were kept in cages and subjected to 3 sets of sequential leaning, drenching, and rotation as chronic mild stresses applied for 1-2 days over a 3-week period; and the anxiety-like symptom (reduced time spent in open arm of the maze) was evaluated by use of the elevated plus-maze test. A daily intraperitoneal administration of DAEE competed against the expression of the anxiety-like symptom when administered during the stress-loading period, and became therapeutic when administered after the stress-loading. This activity was accompanied by amelioration of the stress-induced reduction in the levels of BDNF and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2 in the hippocampus. These results demonstrated that DAEE behaved like an anxiolytic and ameliorated this characteristic anxiety-like symptom, suggesting that DAEE may be a promising candidate for a novel anxiolytic with a new mechanism of action.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiolytic-like effect of trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester in stress-induced anxiety-like model mice

et al. 2013

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“…The neuroprotective effect of CAPE has been mainly attributed to its immunemodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Kasai et al, 2011;Araujo et al, 2012;Natarajan et al, 1996;Noelker et al, 2005). Additionally, it has been shown that artepillin C, a component of propolis, stimulates neurite outgrowth in PC-12m3, a mutant cell line irresponsive to NGF (Kasai et al, 2011;Kano et al, 2008). However, despite the neuroprotective potential of CAPE, its effect on neurite outgrowth has not been investigated yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protects PC12 cells from MPP+ toxicity by inducing the expression of neuron-typical proteins

et al. 2014

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Neurite loss is an early event in neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, the regeneration of the network of neurites constitutes an interesting strategy of treatment for such disorders. Neurotrophic factors play a critical role in neuronal regeneration, but their clinical use is limited by their inability to cross the blood brain barrier. Oxidative and inflammatory events are implicated in neurodegeneration and antioxidant compounds have been suggested as potential neuroprotectors. The protective potential of CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) has been shown in different models of neurotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo) and it has been associated with immune-modulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, other mechanisms might be involved. The present study demonstrates that CAPE protects PC12 cells from the cellular death induced by the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP(+) by increasing the network of neurites. Results showed that CAPE induced the formation, elongation and ramification of neurites in PC12 cells non-stimulated with NGF (nerve growth factor) and inhibited the shortage of neurites induced by the dopaminergic neurotoxin. These effects were associated with increased expression of neuron-typical proteins responsible for axonal growth (GAP-43) and synaptogenesis (synaptophysin and synapsin I). It is noteworthy that, unlike neurotrophins, CAPE would be able to cross the blood brain barrier and exert its neurotrophic effects in the brain. This study corroborates the therapeutic potential of CAPE in neurodegenerative diseases while proposes the involvement of neuroplasticity in the mechanism of neuroprotection.

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“…Female Wistar rats (7 weeks of age, weighing 120-140 g; Japan SLC, Hamamatsu, Japan) were used in this study, and they were handled in accordance with the Guidelines of Experimental Animal Care issued by the Office of the Prime Minister of Japan. The surgery was performed according to the method reported previously (11,13,15). Briefly, the rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg body weight), after which the spinal cord (left side) was hemi-transected or not (sham control) by use of microsurgical scissors after laminectomy at the level of the 10th thoracic vertebra.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Locomotor function of the left hindlimb was assessed by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale in open-field as described earlier (3). Evaluation was performed 1 day after injury and subse-assessment of bilaterally impaired hindlimb function following contusive SCI, but it has been also used for lateral hemi-transection SCI (11,13,15). Hemitransection of the spinal cord resulted in complete paralysis of the hindlimb ipsilateral to the transection side (left) for several days in all groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces spinal cord injury-evoked locomotor dysfunction

et al. 2011

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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a component of propolis, which is a substance taken from the hives of honeybees, and is known to exhibit an anti-inflammatory activity. Such activity has been thought to be partly based on its potential and specific inhibitory activities toward nuclear factor-κB, a transcription factor. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of CAPE on functional locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) caused by hemi-transection, because inflammatory responses are a major cause of the secondary injury observed following SCI and play a pivotal role in regulating the pathogenesis of acute and chronic SCI. When CAPE was i.p.-administered at a dosage of 10 μmol/kg, it enhanced the recovery of locomotor function and reduced the lesion size while suppressing the expression of the mRNAs for a pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and the inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. These results suggest CAPE to be a promising therapeutic tool for reducing the secondary neuronal damage following primary physical injury to the spinal cord.

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Ethanol Extract of Chinese Propolis Facilitates Functional Recovery of Locomotor Activity after Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Anxiolytic-like effect of trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester in stress-induced anxiety-like model mice

Anxiolytic-like effect of trans-2-decenoic acid ethyl ester in stress-induced anxiety-like model mice

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) protects PC12 cells from MPP+ toxicity by inducing the expression of neuron-typical proteins

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces spinal cord injury-evoked locomotor dysfunction

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