Ethanol Blend Effects On Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions

Storey, John; Barone, Teresa; Norman, Kevin; Lewis, Samuel A.

doi:10.4271/2010-01-2129

Cited by 114 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In most cases, the distributions are not log-normal, rather the distributions are skewed (on a log-scale) toward smaller particle sizes. This asymmetric size distribution was also previously reported in the literature (Maricq et al 1999;Harris and Maricq 2001;Storey et al 2010). It has been shown that the size distributions of GDI particles for both homogenous charge operation (Maricq et al 1999) and stratified charge operation (Harris and Maricq 2001) can be asymmetric with higher particle concentrations for smaller particles.…”

Section: Volatility Of the Particle Emissionssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Although size-segregated internally mixed volatility measurements have not previously been reported in the literature, qualitatively they can be compared to thermo-gravimetric or EC/OC analysis, which reports the total amount of volatile (or organic material) and elemental carbon independent of mixing state and size. Using EC/OC analysis, Storey et al (2010) reported a range of 0.17-0.3 for the ratio of the organic carbon (presumably semi-volatile) to total carbon (OC/TC) for post-catalyst particulate at two steady-state operating conditions for a GDI vehicle operating on three different gasoline-ethanol blends (0%-20%). These OC/TC ratios are roughly comparable to the volatile mass fractions measured here, which were also measured post-catalyst.…”

Section: Volatility Of the Particle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-volatile material may condense on the surface of the solid particles (i.e., semi-volatile material internally mixed with soot) and increase their mass and mobility, and/or they can nucleate to form new particles consisting of only semi-volatile material (i.e., semi-volatile particles externally mixed with soot). Studies have been carried out in the literature to measure the volatility of the particles from GDI engines using number-based (Mathis et al 2005;Khalek et al 2010) and mass-based (Storey et al 2010) methods. Khalek et al (2010) measured the total and solid particle size distribution for a GDI vehicle using three different fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathis et al (2005) also employed a thermodenuder to measure the total and non-volatile number concentrations from a direct injection gasoline passenger vehicle. The ratio of the mass of organic to the elemental carbon was determined by Storey et al (2010) for a GDI vehicle using gasoline fuel with a range of ethanol content. It should be noted that the volatility measured by organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) analysis determines the total semi-volatile mass internally and externally mixed with solid particles; however, the mass fraction of semi-volatile GDI particles on a size-segregated basis has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement

Momenimovahed

Olfert

2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effective density and volatility of particulate emissions from five gasoline direct injection (GDI) passenger vehicles were measured using a tandem differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) system. The measurements were conducted on a chassis dynamometer at three steady-state operating conditions. A thermodenuder was employed to find the volatility and mixing state of the particles as well as the effective density of nascent and non-volatile particles (defined as particle phase remaining after denuding at 200 C). The mass-mobility exponent ranged between 2.4 and 2.7 for nascent (or undenuded) particles and between 2.5 and 2.7 for non-volatile particles; higher than typical diesel soot. The effective density function was 4278d m ¡0.438 § 76.3 kg/m 3 (for mobility diameter, d m , in nm) for nascent particles and 3215d m ¡0.395 § 37.9 kg/m 3 for non-volatile particles. The effective density functions of the non-volatile particles were fairly similar for the conditions studied. The uncertainty in using the effective density and mixing state data to determine the mass concentration of the aerosol by integrating mobility size distributions was examined. The uncertainty in mass concentration is minimized when only the non-volatile component is measured. However, the uncertainty in the mass concentration increases substantially if nascent particles are measured due to uncertainties in the particle mixing state and their associated effective densities. Furthermore, transient vehicle operation (cold-starts, accelerations, and decelerations) would likely change the mixing state of the exhaust particles suggesting it is difficult to accurately measure the mass concentration of undenuded GDI exhaust particulate using integrated size distribution methods.

show abstract

Section: Volatility Of the Particle Emissionssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Volatility Of the Particle Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement

Momenimovahed

Olfert

2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of researchers [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] have made a significant reduction in engine-out PM emissions from gasoline engines by using anhydrous ethanol. Price et al [43] reported that anhydrous ethanol blends E85 and E30 showed the lowest PM emissions, followed by methanol blends M85 and M30 for lean fuel-air mixtures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The industrialization that increases day by day needs more and more power/fuel sources that are commonly available, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. Recently, nearly all of the cities in China (PRC) have been influenced by haze. However, the pollutants from automobiles have always been seriously considered to be the main contamination causes of the haze and that influence human health. This study concerns the impact of hydrous ethanol on in-cylinder pressure, particulate matter (PM), and gaseous emissions (oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC)) from a port fuel injection (PFI) gasoline engine. Tests were conducted on a four-cylinder port injection gasoline engine at different engine loads at an engine speed of 2000 rev/min for commercial gasoline, hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (10% and 20% hydrous ethanol by volume), and an anhydrous ethanol-gasoline blend (20% anhydrous ethanol by volume). The results show that the peak in-cylinder pressure with the use of gasoline was the highest compared with the hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blends. Compared with the anhydrous ethanol blend, the hydrous ethanol blends performed well at a high load condition, equivalent to a low load. In addition, the total particulate number (PN) declines with an increase in engine operating loads for all of the fuels tested. The outcome of this study is an important reduction in PM number, mass emissions, and mean diameters of particles as the use of hydrous ethanol blends increases, while the form of the particulate size distribution remains the same. Furthermore, the NO x emission is raised with a rise in engine load, and NO x and HC emissions are reduced with the use of hydrous ethanol and anhydrous ethanol blend as equated with pure gasoline. Moreover, the correlation between the total particle number against NO x and HC has been found; the number of particles increases when the NO x emission decreases, and the opposite trend is exhibited for the HC emission. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydrous ethanol blends look to be a good selection for PM, NO x , and HC reduction for gasoline engines.

show abstract

Fuel Ethanol Standards, Testing and Blending

Amarasekara¹

2013

Handbook of Cellulosic Ethanol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethanol Blend Effects On Direct Injection Spark-Ignition Gasoline Vehicle Particulate Matter Emissions

Cited by 114 publications

References 17 publications

Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement

Effective Density and Volatility of Particles Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles and Implications for Particle Mass Measurement

Particulate Matter and Gaseous Emission of Hydrous Ethanol Gasoline Blends Fuel in a Port Injection Gasoline Engine

Fuel Ethanol Standards, Testing and Blending

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About