ETCO2 monitoring during low flow states: clinical aims and limits

Correction: Expired CO2Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As CO 2 is highly soluble and the gas exchange surface area is large in a mature lung, the primary factors regulating end-tidal CO 2 levels are the CO 2 partial pressure gradient between alveolar gas and blood and the rate of pulmonary perfusion. As such, endtidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Correction: Expired CO2Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As CO 2 is highly soluble and the gas exchange surface area is large in a mature lung, the primary factors regulating end-tidal CO 2 levels are the CO 2 partial pressure gradient between alveolar gas and blood and the rate of pulmonary perfusion. As such, endtidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Expired CO2 Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As such, end-tidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Noninvasive Monitoring of Manual Ventilation during Out-of- Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

“…The maximum value observed in the third phase is the so-called EtCO 2 (End-tidal CO 2 ). In hemodynamically stable patients, the value is about 35-45 mmHg, similar to the partial pressure of the CO 2 in the blood [37,41]. During cardiac arrest, the elimination of CO 2 is reduced and it is accumulated in the tissues.…”

Correction: Expired CO2Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As CO 2 is highly soluble and the gas exchange surface area is large in a mature lung, the primary factors regulating end-tidal CO 2 levels are the CO 2 partial pressure gradient between alveolar gas and blood and the rate of pulmonary perfusion. As such, endtidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Expired CO2 Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As such, end-tidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Noninvasive Monitoring of Manual Ventilation during Out-of- Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

“…The maximum value observed in the third phase is the so-called EtCO 2 (End-tidal CO 2 ). In hemodynamically stable patients, the value is about 35-45 mmHg, similar to the partial pressure of the CO 2 in the blood [37,41]. During cardiac arrest, the elimination of CO 2 is reduced and it is accumulated in the tissues.…”

Correction: Expired CO2Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As CO 2 is highly soluble and the gas exchange surface area is large in a mature lung, the primary factors regulating end-tidal CO 2 levels are the CO 2 partial pressure gradient between alveolar gas and blood and the rate of pulmonary perfusion. As such, endtidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Expired CO2 Levels Indicate Degree of Lung Aeration at Birth

“…As such, end-tidal and mixed venous CO 2 levels can be used to estimate pulmonary perfusion and cardiac output [14]. In the neonate immediately after birth, although both pulmonary perfusion and CO 2 partial pressure gradients likely influence ECO 2 levels once gas exchange commences, our data indicate that the degree of lung aeration at end inflation (when gas volumes and gas exchange surface area are maximal) is the predominant factor.…”

Noninvasive Monitoring of Manual Ventilation during Out-of- Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

“…The maximum value observed in the third phase is the so-called EtCO 2 (End-tidal CO 2 ). In hemodynamically stable patients, the value is about 35-45 mmHg, similar to the partial pressure of the CO 2 in the blood [37,41]. During cardiac arrest, the elimination of CO 2 is reduced and it is accumulated in the tissues.…”