Établissement du microbiote

Gschwind, Rémi; Fournier, Thierry; Butel, Marie‐José; Wydau-Dematteis, Sandra

doi:10.1051/medsci/20183404014

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Microorganisms have been found in the majority of placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord, indicating the potential for innate fetal immunity and bacterial tolerance from the newborn [59,93]. Exploration of the endometrial microbiota in infertile women has revealed adverse effects on the functioning of the reproductive system.…”

Section: The Microbiota Of Female and Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.

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Section: The Microbiota Of Female and Male Reproductive Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Сьогодні цікавими є новітні дослідження щодо ступеня наявності бактерій у плаценті. Існує низка досліджень, які намагались відтворити ці дані [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Кілька оглядів підкреслюють, що мікроорганізми у плацентарній тканині не зможуть виживати тривалий час, ураховуючи структуру плаценти та імунобіологічну відповідь господаря [25,26].…”

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Woman’s microbiome and obstetrical and perinatal risks: what do they have in common?

Artyomenko,

Mnikh,

Domakova

2023

RHW

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The article is devoted to the review of modern scientific publications about the microbiome of a woman and its importance in obstetric and perinatal practice. The composition of the microbiome is changed both in the process of human evolution and personally and in different periods of a person’s life. However, on the other hand, the microbiome is influenced by the specific environment in which a person lives. It consists of a certain collection of genomes of all microorganisms. Complications during pregnancy occur frequently, according to statistics – in every sixth pregnant woman, and pose a danger to the health of the mother and child.During pregnancy, the richness and diversity of the vaginal microbiome decreases, and different species of Lactobacillus play a dominant role. The microbiome stability is hypothesized to be associated with higher levels of estrogen concentration, absence of menstruation, and modification of cervical and vaginal fluids. During an uncomplicated pregnancy, the taxonomic composition of the vaginal microbiota remains stable with the exception of the period before labor, when there is an increase in microbial diversity. This makes the vaginal microbiome similar to that of a non-pregnant woman and is believed to be a trigger for the labor process to begin.The recent studies have determined a relationship between changes in the microbiome during pregnancy and the occurrence of complications in these women. Any change or disturbance in the microbiome balance can be involved in inflammatory processes, which can potentially have adverse effects on the course of pregnancy. A major interaction between the oral microbiome and preeclampsia involves the production of nitrogen derivatives, especially nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced from L-arginine via NO synthases (NOS), and is involved in vascular processes, especially vasodilation and tissue protection. Also, NO is indirectly involved in the processes that occur in the presence of chronic cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and preeclampsia.In recent years, scientists have begun actively to study a correlation between changes in the gut microbiome and various nosologies regarding gestational diabetes. There is not much of this data at the moment. The gut microbiome is known to modulate insulin resistance and the inflammatory response, and changes in the microbiome may be associated with metabolic diseases. It is hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiome may lead to metabolic diseases through several mechanisms: abnormal intestinal permeability, increased absorption of lipopolysaccharide, abnormal production of short-chain fatty acids, altered conversion of primary bile acids, and enhanced production of bacterial toxins (e.g., trimethylamine-N-oxide).During full-term pregnancy, the “dynamic stability” of the vaginal microbiome is described as a higher concentration of Lactobacillus species starting at 20 weeks of gestation due to increased glycogen availability and a less complex and diverse microflora. This condition may be due to the lack of cyclical hormonal changes during pregnancy. Lactobacillus and small bacterial diversity are thought to be critical factors for the initiation of labor at the end of the pregnancy.Future therapeutic strategies are likely to be applied to modulate the composition of the microbiome, including the use of pro- and prebiotics and dietary modification. However, further research is needed to identify specific tools that can be used to develop personalized therapeutic approaches for individualized prevention and treatment.

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“…В последние годы многочисленные публикации опровергают теорию стерильности внутриутробной среды, так как следы микробов обнаруживаются в плаценте и амниотической жидкости [5,33,34]. Исследование мекония новорожденных показало наличие в нем бактерий, в большей степени энтерококков и стафилококков [33,34]. Возникло множество теорий о передаче материнской микробиоты ребенку еще на стадии беременности, и в первые месяцы после рождения она характеризуется низким разнообразием [5].…”

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Gut microbiota as risk factor causing obesity in children

Petrova¹,

Aga²,

Trapeznikova³

et al. 2021

Health Risk Analysis

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Nowadays obesity resulting from abnormal or excessive fat deposits in a body has become a true epidemic. Risk factors that cause the disease include improper lifestyle, hereditary predisposition, as well as metabolic activity of gut microbiota. Research works performed over the last decades indicate that microbes that create colonies in human intestines play a significant role in maintaining proper metabolism. There is a correlation between disorders in gut microbiota structure and immune disorders, elevated susceptibility to infections, and obesity. There is more and more evidence that gut microbiota and its overall bacterial genome exert their influence on nutrients assimilation and regulate energy metabolism and fat accumulation. Certain differences were detected in microbiota gut structure in children and adults with obesity and people with proper body mass index. Delivery and feeding are among key factors influencing gut microbiota formation in a child. Thus, research results indicate that natural birth, as opposed to cesarean section, can prevent obesity occurrence in a child. Breast-feeding also makes a substantial contribution into development of an infant since breast milk is balanced food that provides optimal metabolism in an infant’s body and helps creating proper gut microbiota. At the same time, according to data obtained via numerous research works, artificial feeding can be related to obesity occurrence in future. Ways to fight obesity include medication therapy, dietary nutrition, physical activity as well as bariatric surgery; the latter is nowadays considered to be the most efficient procedure on the matter. Reduction in body mass via influencing gut microbiota is a promising trend in research in the sphere. Despite there are objective data on benign effects produced by probiotics and prebiotics on gut microbiota, experts haven’t been able to reach agreement on their efficiency yet.

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Établissement du microbiote

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Woman’s microbiome and obstetrical and perinatal risks: what do they have in common?

Gut microbiota as risk factor causing obesity in children

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