Estudo clínico e epidemiológico em cães com fraturas e luxações vertebrais toracolombares

Araújo, Bruno Martins; Fernandes, T. H. T.; Júnior, Durval Baraúna; Bonelli, Marília de Albuquerque; Amorim, Marcela Maria de Almeida; Tudury, Eduardo Alberto

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800014

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among the 21 dogs that had spinal cord trauma, 15 had been run over by motor vehicles, which was the main cause corresponding to 71% of the cases. The thoracolumbar region (n=16) was the most affected location, as also mentioned by Araújo et al (2017) and Pereira et al (2019) who demonstrated that the most traumatic injuries in dogs are located in the spinal cord segment mentioned above. The high incidence observed in this study is probably related to regional characteristics, such as the high number of stray animals, roads with heavy traffic and the owners care after their animals that were free to roam the local area.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)

Brock

Adeodato²,

Corrêa

et al. 2022

AVB

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Neurological disorders are frequent in small animal veterinary clinics and studies giving regional justification for such disorders are essential so that veterinarians can be better prepared. The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of dogs with neurological disorders treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, between August 2017 and April 2018. The study describes the location of the lesions and their etiology according to the acronym VITAMIN-D, as well as the distribution of cases according to sex, breed and age. One hundred and twenty-two (122) dogs were included, of which 58% (n=71) were males and 42% (n=51) females. The age distribution ranged from two months to 18 years old; 16% were less than two years old, 50% between two and seven years old and 34% were more than seven years old. The most affected breeds were Mixed Breed dogs (43%), Poodles (9%) and Dachshunds (7%). The diagnoses were confirmed in 54 animals (44%) and in 68 (56%) remained presumptive. The most common location was the spinal cord (61%), where the T3-L3 region was the most affected (35%), followed by multifocal (20%) and forebrain (10%). The most frequent categories were degenerative (24%), inflammatory/infectious (23%) and traumatic (20%) diseases. Intervertebral disc disease was the most observed, corresponding to 21.3% of all cases. The results showed that the neurological diseases in this Veterinary Hospital were more prevalent in young male adults with spinal cord diseases of degenerative nature.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)

Brock

Adeodato²,

Corrêa

et al. 2022

AVB

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“…The dog of the present case was an intact male dog and the literature related that no-neutered males have higher prevalence of street access [2]. The patient became paraplegic due to spinal cord injury and failure of sensitivity and elimination of urine and feces [9,11,15] which can be associated with progressive destruction of neuronal tissue due to secondary vascular and inflammatory events [3,13,14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steinmann Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate Repair of Fourth Lumbar Vertebral Fracture and Dorsocranial Luxation in PuppySteinmann Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate Repair of Fourth Lumbar Vertebral Fracture and Dorsocranial Luxation in Puppy

Sobrinho

Santos

Brandão

et al. 2020

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Acute spinal traumas can lead to irreversible damage associated with vascular and inflammatory changes in neural tissue. Since spine and spinal cord traumas have an unfavorable prognosis in small animals, and reports of the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate repair of lumbar vertebra fracture-luxation in puppies are rare in the literature, the present paper aimed to report the surgical treatment of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment by using Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate in a 7-month-old Labrador Retriever male dog.Case: A 7-month-old intact male Labrador Retriever dog, weighing 24.0 kg was attended at School Veterinary Hospital with a history of hit by car and paraplegia of the hind limbs. On neurological examination was observed no proprioception and no deep pain sensitivity on the both pelvic limbs. The lumbar spinal palpation showed intense pain, and the motor function and patellar reflexes were reduced. The values of haematological and biochemical analysis remained within the reference values for the species. Radiographs revealed a transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment, and was decided to perform a surgical treatment by open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture. The dog was positioned in ventral recumbency for surgery, and a dorsal midline incision was made from the second lumbar vertebra to the sixth lumbar vertebra. Two crossed 1.5 mm Kirschner wires were placed through the caudal articular facets of the fourth lumbar vertebra to provide initial stability. Two 2.0 mm Steinmann pins were placed at 60° angle of the bodies of the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae, and third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. This procedure was repeated on the other side of the vertebral bodies. Sixty grams of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was applied and the fixation was checked for stability. Muscular, subcutaneous tissue and skin was closed routinely. The dog was paraplegic without any pain and used a wheelchair to assist in locomotion, although it still had urinary and faecal incontinence; no tail control; and the implants were not removed.Discussion: Lumbar vertebral injuries, as in the present case frequently, occur secondary to severe trauma (e.g. hit by car) and seem to have a characteristic fracture pattern. The patient became paraplegic due to spinal cord injury and failure of sensitivity and elimination of urine and feces which can be associated with progressive destruction of neuronal tissue due to secondary vascular and inflammatory events. The radiographic exam was used to confirm the spinal injury and determine whether by conservative or surgical treatment. The treatment choice is related to the number of fractured compartments, and the presence or not of compression. Fractures in two or more compartments are indicative of surgical treatment, similar as the present case. Use of Steinmann pins was to make a rigid fixing system compared with block plates used for the same function. Use of polymethylmethacrylate may also become a complication due to the infection, for this reason was prescribed an antibiotic for 15 days. This procedure proved to be effective since the dog showed no signs of infection. According to the characteristics of the present case report, the use of Steinmann pins and polymethylmethacrylate for repair of transversal fracture through the body of the fourth lumbar vertebra, with dorsocranial displacement of the caudal fragment provided an effective and practical means of stabilisation, promoting decompression, and thus, improving the patient's quality of life.

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“…Nesse trabalho, em 66% (=72) dos pacientes a causa relatada foi o atropelamento, corroborando com um estudo nacional recente, que em 82% dos casos, as fraturas e luxações vertebrais foram decorrentes de acidente automobilístico [1]. A instuição de ensino onde se realizou o presente estudo por estar situada em área próxima à rodovias, onde também existe quantidade considerável de cães errantes, fatos que certamente contribuíram para o elevado número de atrapelamentos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Vertebral Fractures and Luxation in Dogs

Pereira

Schwab

Ferrarin

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Vertebral fractures and luxations (VFL) are a major cause of neurologic injury in small animals. They are most commonly associated with severe external trauma from road traffic accidents, aggression, or falls from heights. There were few studies concerning VFL, mainly on results of treatments and sequelae. This retrospective work aimed to study patients with extrinsic trauma in the spinal cord that were treated at the Neurology and Neurosurgery Service of a Higher Education Institution in Brazil from 2007 to 2018, describing main etiologies, location of lesion, degree of neurological dysfunction, treatment, results and sequelae after surgical or conservative therapy. Materials, Methods & Results:One hundred and nine dogs of various breed and ages were included in this study. The main etiology of the spinal cord injury in these dogs were fractures and/or dislocations caused by road traffic accidents (66%), followed by interaction with other animals (5.5%). The body region most frequently affected by the lesions were the thoracolumbar segment (T3-L3) of the vertebral spine (52.3%), followed the lumbosacral segment [L4-S3] (38.5%). The degrees of the most prevalent neurological dysfunctions for each of the segments were grade V in 73.7% of the dogs with lesions between T3-L3, and grade III in 54.8% of the dogs with lesions in L4-S3. Twenty-one tutors of dogs subjected to surgery and 20 tutors of dogs that underwent clinical treatment could be contacted by phone. Statistical analysis performed on data from these patients indicated that there was no significant correlation between the motor recovery and the type of treatment instituted. However, when the degree of motor dysfunction was analyzed in conjunction with recovery, milder grades were found to be accompanied by the best recovery results. Discussion: Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of damage to the spinal cord, a finding described in other studies on extrinsic trauma. Due to the retrospective nature of this study, the analysis of the patients' motor recovery was performed using data from only 41 patients whose tutors could be reached by phone. We found that, in dogs that had satisfactory or partially satisfactory recovery, the ability to walk was restored between two and six months independent of the type of treatment (clinical or surgical). The criteria taken into account to choose the therapeutic option were degree of neurological dysfunction and/or presence of vertebral instability based on the three-compartment theory and the choice of the tutor after information on prognosis, postoperative care, possible neurological sequelae, and costs. Even though rigid external immobilization is indicated for the conservative treatment of VFL, in this study, all dogs subjected to clinical treatment were kept in cages without the use of external immobilization. Rigid immobilization causes discomfort to the patient, as well as complications during use. Loss of deep pain sensation (nociception) may occur immediately after acute injury, and it ...

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Estudo clínico e epidemiológico em cães com fraturas e luxações vertebrais toracolombares

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)

Prevalence and clinical features of neurological disorders in dogs attended at Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (2017-2018)

Steinmann Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate Repair of Fourth Lumbar Vertebral Fracture and Dorsocranial Luxation in PuppySteinmann Pins and Polymethylmethacrylate Repair of Fourth Lumbar Vertebral Fracture and Dorsocranial Luxation in Puppy

Vertebral Fractures and Luxation in Dogs

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