Estrogens and Antiestrogens

Jordan, Craig

doi:10.1016/b0-12-227555-1/00077-0

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator, acting as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and an estrogen agonist in uterine tissue [4, 5]. Estrogen is thought to induce cell growth by upregulating stimulatory growth factors such as transforming growth factor alpha [6]. The primary mechanism of action of tamoxifen is to bind to the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor and prevent the effects of estrogen [4, 5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of MAP kinases and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 in resistance to breast cancer treatment

Haagenson

2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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Chemotherapy resistance is an important problem often encountered during the course of breast cancer treatment. In order to design rational and efficacious therapies, the molecular mechanisms used by cells to develop resistance must be investigated. One mechanism employed by cancer cells is to alter cell signaling. This review examines the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their endogenous negative regulators, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs), in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer. MAPK signaling is activated in response to both growth factors and cellular stress. MKPs dephosphorylate MAPKs and are part of the dual-specificity family of phosphatases. MAPKs have been shown to be involved in resistance to tamoxifen, and MKPs have been linked to resistance to treatment with doxorubicin, mechlorethamine, paclitaxel, proteasome inhibitors, and oxidative-stress-induced cell death in breast cancer. The role of MKPs in tamoxifen resistance and the elucidation of the mechanisms involved with resistance to standard chemotherapy agents need to be investigated further. Growing evidence suggests that modulating MKP-1 activity could be a viable option to make breast cancer chemotherapy more effective.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of MAP kinases and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 in resistance to breast cancer treatment

Haagenson

2010

Cancer Metastasis Rev

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“…Despite being generally well tolerated, tamoxifen is associated with a number of adverse events due to its partial agonist action [19]. These include a higher rate of thromboembolic events [20] and a greater risk for developing endometrial cancers in women 50 years of age and older [21][22][23] that may exhibit a less favorable histology, a higher stage, and ultimately a worse survival [21].…”

Section: Tamoxifen: Current Status In the Treatment Of Abcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tamoxifen—What Next?

Gradishar

2004

The Oncologist

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Most patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) ultimately die due to disease progression. Consequently, treatments for ABC are predominantly palliative in nature and, therefore, the tolerability profile of a given treatment is particularly relevant in these patients. While cytotoxic chemotherapy and endocrine therapy exhibit efficacy in hormone-sensitive, advanced disease, it is endocrine therapy that combines efficacy with minimal acute toxicity. USA. Telephone: 312-695-4541; Fax: 312-695-6189; e-mail: w-gradishar@northwestern.edu Received May 1, 2003; accepted for publication January 20, 2004. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2004 The Oncologist ® Breast Cancer LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to:1. Understand the current treatment options available for postmenopausal women with breast cancer.2. Explain the impact of new clinical trial data on the existing schedule of endocrine therapy.3. Describe the future direction of endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com CME CME This material is protected by U.S.

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Estrogens and Antiestrogens

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

The role of MAP kinases and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 in resistance to breast cancer treatment

The role of MAP kinases and MAP kinase phosphatase-1 in resistance to breast cancer treatment

Tamoxifen—What Next?

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