Estrogen Improves Endothelium-Dependent, Flow-Mediated Vasodilation in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract

Short-term estrogen replacement therapy improves flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation in postmenopausal women. This improvement may be mediated by a direct effect of estrogen on vascular function or may be induced through modification of lipoprotein metabolism.

Dose response effect of cyclical medroxyprogesterone on blood pressure in postmenopausal women

“…The current study used a double-blind, randomised, placebocontrolled design with adequate power to detect small changes in clinic and ambulatory blood pressure produced by different doses of a C21 progestogen administered in a cyclical regimen in doses spanning the usual clinical dose range combined with a fixed daily dose of oral oestrogen. The results of the current study are consistent with those of previous studies, including the PEPI study, which have found no change [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]12 or a reduction [24][25][26]29 in blood pressure associated with the addition of a progestogen to 'replacement' doses of oestrogen.…”

Aromatherapy alleviates endothelial dysfunction of medical staff after night-shift work: preliminary observations

“…Moreover, only male medical personnel were included in this study because menstrual cycle in women might have influenced the results of FMD measurements. 26,27 Further investigation was necessary to clarify whether similar results were observed in women. In addition, this study was focused on the short-term effect of aromatherapy on endothelial dysfunction after night-shift work.…”

Menopause and the characteristics of the large arteries in a population study

“…Experiments in laboratory animals proved that oestrogens dilate the large arteries. 28,29 In peri-and postmenopausal women, [30][31][32] they widen the smaller resistance vessels 33 by mechanisms that include the protection of endothelial function, 31 the potentiation of nitric oxide release 30,32 and the modulation of sympathetic reactivity. 24,34 Oestrogens may also influence the viscoelastic properties of the arterial wall by changing the relative proportions of collagen and elastin, 35 by inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, or by the prevention of atherosclerotic stiffening.…”

“…Initially, the sample had been stratified by sex and age (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59), у60 years), in an attempt to recruit the same number of subjects in each stratum. Households were identified from population registries as persons who shared the same address.…”