2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028
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Abstract: Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Despite its importance, there are significant challenges in quantitative evaluation of its contribution to airborne concentrations. This article first reviews the nature of the particle emissions from road vehicles including both exhaust and non-exhaust (abrasion and resuspension sources). It then briefly reviews the various methods available for quantification of the road traffic contribution. This includes tunnel/roadway measure… Show more

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Cited by 915 publications
(487 citation statements)
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References 248 publications
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“…PCA is a technique that reduces the number of dimensions, summarising a set of multivariate data in few linear combinations of the variables (called principal components), without a significant loss of information (Otto, 1999). Results of PCA can be plotted to simplify the interpretation of the positive and negative correlations among variables (in this case the elements determined in PM10), and the valuation of the behaviour of objects (in this case PM10 samples).…”
Section: Chemometric Toolsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PCA is a technique that reduces the number of dimensions, summarising a set of multivariate data in few linear combinations of the variables (called principal components), without a significant loss of information (Otto, 1999). Results of PCA can be plotted to simplify the interpretation of the positive and negative correlations among variables (in this case the elements determined in PM10), and the valuation of the behaviour of objects (in this case PM10 samples).…”
Section: Chemometric Toolsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to the organic and elementary carbon, the silicates, carbonates, metal oxides, phosphates, secondary organic and inorganic aerosols can be found in dust particles. However the chemical composition, particle size and morphology are determined strictly by the source of origin [9]. Literature studies indicate that particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are mainly emitted from internal combustion engines and are based on the organic and elementary carbon [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the urbanisation categories and clrCa, the Tukey honest significance difference pairwise test showed a significant difference (p < .0001) between all OLD and NEW categories and the NURB and OLD categories but not between the NURB and NEW categories (p = .1). Thorpe and Harrison (2008), Pant and Harrison (2013) and Wang et al (2017) summarise the sources of elements associated with road traffic (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Ba, Sb, Mn, V, Pt, and Rh) of which the most dominant historically is reported to be Pb from leaded petrol/gasoline. Subsidiary amounts of Ba, Cu, Fe, Sb, Zn, Cd, Co, and Cr come from brake linings (of which Cu is the most abundant) and tyres (only Zn significantly exceeds crustal abundance; Thorpe and Harrison, 2008).…”
Section: Warmentioning
confidence: 99%