Estimation of Residence Time in a Shallow Back Barrier Lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia, USA

Fugate, David C.; Friedrichs, Carl T.; Bilgili, Ata

doi:10.1061/40876(209)19

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The coastal bay system is bound to the west by the Delmarva Peninsula and to the east by barrier islands; exchange with Atlantic Ocean waters is through narrow inlets between the islands. Water residence times are spatially variable, averaging 16 d, and ranging from 30 d near the mainland margin to 2 tidal cycles near the inlets (Fugate et al 2006). The coastal bays are shallow, with 50% <1 m at mean low water (Oertel 2001), and have a tidal range of 1.2 to 1.3 m (Table 1).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery trajectories during state change from bare sediment to eelgrass dominance

McGlathery

Reynolds²,

Cole³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

138

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Seagrasses are important foundation species in shallow coastal ecosystems that provide critical ecosystem services including stabilizing sediment, sequestering carbon and nutrients, and providing habitat and an energy source for a diverse fauna. We followed the recovery of functional (primary productivity, carbon and nitrogen sequestration, sediment deposition) and structural (shoot density, biomass, plant morphometrics) attributes of Zostera marina (eelgrass) meadows in replicate large plots (0.2 to 0.4 ha) restored by seeding in successive years, resulting in a chrono sequence of sites from 0 (unvegetated) to 9 yr since seeding. Shoot density was the structural metric that changed most significantly, with an initial 4 yr lag, and a rapid, linear increase in plots 6 to 9 yr after seeding. Changes in Z. marina aerial productivity, sediment organic content, and exchangeable ammonium showed a similar trend with an initial 4 yr lag period before differences were observed from initial bare sediment conditions. After 9 yr, Z. marina meadows had 20× higher rates of areal productivity than 1 to 3 yr old meadows, double the organic matter and exchangeable ammonium concentrations, 3× more carbon and 4× more nitrogen, and had accumulated and retained finer particles than bare, unvegetated sediments. These results demonstrate the reinstatement of key ecosystem services with successful large-scale restoration, although none of the parameters reached an asymptote after 9 yr, indicating that at least a decade is required for these attributes to be fully restored, even in an area with high habitat suitability. Survivorship along a depth gradient showed that ~1.6 m (mean sea level) is the maximum depth limit for Z. marina, which matches the 'tipping point' for survival predicted for this system from a non-linear hydro dynamic/seagrass growth model.

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Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery trajectories during state change from bare sediment to eelgrass dominance

McGlathery

Reynolds²,

Cole³

et al. 2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

136

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our work extends beyond other 2D modelling studies of this area, which focused only on hydrodynamics or sediment resuspension in the bays in the absence of vegetation (Fugate et al, 2006;Lawson et al, 2007;Mariotti et al, 2010;Safak et al, 2015;Wiberg et al, 2015). Other studies investigate only the interaction between barrier islands and back-barrier vegetation in specific parts of the bay (Oertel, 2001;Walters et al, 2014;Mariotti and Canestrelli, 2017), rather than the whole system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Effect of offshore waves and vegetation on the sediment budget in the Virginia Coast Reserve (VA)

Nardin

Lera

Nienhuis

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The potential for rapid coastline modification in the face of sea‐level rise or other stressors is alarming, since coasts are often densely populated and support valuable infrastructure. In addition to coastal submergence, nutrient‐related water pollution is a growing concern for coastal wetlands. Previous studies found that the Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) of coastal wetlands acts as a first‐order control of their sustainability, but SSC dynamics are poorly understood. Our study focuses on the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site, a shallow multiple tidal inlet system in the USA. We apply numerical modelling (Delft3D‐SWAN) and subsequent analyses to determine SSC dynamics within the VCR. In particular, we consider two important controls on SSC in the system: vegetation (seagrass and salt marsh) and offshore waves. Our results show that vegetation colonies and increased wave energy lengthen water residence time. The reduction in the tidal prism decreases SSC export from the bay via tidal inlets, leading to increased sediment retention in the bay. We found that alongshore currents can enhance lagoon SSC by importing fine sediments from an adjacent inlet along the coastline. Our numerical experiments on vegetation seasonality can improve the understanding of wave climate impact on coastal bay sediment budget. Offshore waves increase sediment export from coastal bays, particularly during winter seasons with low vegetation density. Therefore, our study can help managers and stakeholders to understand how to implement restoration strategies for the VCR. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…It has no connection with the typical classification of water waves as shallow or deep as any tide would be classified as a shallow wave at these depths. The threshold is based on the calibration analyses and has been proven to work in different domains (Fugate et al, 2006;Swanson et al, 2015;Bilgili et al, 2016). The effect of the advective accelerations is expected to be negligible since the lagoon is engineered and the channel geometry is rather constant.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exchange Characteristics of an Anthropogenically Modified Lagoon: An Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling Case Study With an Emphasis on the Number of Particles

Büyükçelebi

Karabay

Bilgili

2021

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management

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The transport pathways and exchange characteristics of the Kamil Abdüş Lagoon in Istanbul, Turkey, are simulated using a finite element model with a Lagrangian particle tracking module. The lagoon is in the process of being reconfigured. The simulations are performed using a draft configuration. The effect of winds and the number of particles on the e-folding time is simulated. Results show that the lagoon is strongly dominated by winds with a correlation coefficient of 0.897 between the wind and residual current magnitudes. The lagoon e-folds in 9.1 days under realistic winds and in 14.3 days when there is no wind with confidence levels of 5%. The Lagrangian study uses six simulations with particle numbers ranging between 65073 and 2730486. A methodology based on confidence levels is proposed. It is observed that approximately 784 000 particles are necessary to obtain 5% level of confidence. With a problematic history and new planning options, the lagoon has a potential to be used as an example setting, all-field study ground for anthropogenically engineered coastal ecosystems.

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Estimation of Residence Time in a Shallow Back Barrier Lagoon, Hog Island Bay, Virginia, USA

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Recovery trajectories during state change from bare sediment to eelgrass dominance

Recovery trajectories during state change from bare sediment to eelgrass dominance

Effect of offshore waves and vegetation on the sediment budget in the Virginia Coast Reserve (VA)

Exchange Characteristics of an Anthropogenically Modified Lagoon: An Eulerian-Lagrangian Modeling Case Study With an Emphasis on the Number of Particles

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