Estimation of anthropogenic heat emission in the Gyeong-In region of Korea

Lee, S.-H.; Song, Chang Keun; Baik, Jong‐Jin; Park, S.-U.

doi:10.1007/s00704-008-0040-6

Cited by 87 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…High fluxes generally occur in Guangdong province, especially in the PRD region and the Chao-Shan area, with typical values over 10 W m −2 . In the built-up area of Guangzhou, the AH fluxes are close to 60 W m −2 , which is similar to those in Seoul, Korea (Lee et al, 2009); Toulouse, France (Pigeon et al, 2007); and some US cities (Sailor and Lu, 2004;Fan and Sailor, 2005). The highest regional value occurs in Hong Kong, with the value exceeding 100 W m −2 .…”

Section: Methods For Model Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…The top-down energy inventory method, which predicts AH emissions based on the statistics data of energy consumption, is the most common approach and widely used all over the world (Sailor and Lu, 2004;Flanner, 2009;Hamilton et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Allen et al, 2011;Iamarino et al, 2012;Quah and Roth, 2012;Chen et al, 2014a) as well as in China (Chen et al, 2012;Xie et al, 2015Xie et al, , 2016Lu et al, 2016). On the basis of the previous studies, AH fluxes over the area between (101 • E, 16 • N) and (119 • E, 26 • N) in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 are calculated in this study by the following equation:…”

Section: Methods For Estimating Anthropogenic Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was reported that the typical values of AH fluxes in urban areas range from 20 to 100 W m −2 (Crutzen, 2004;Sailor and Lu, 2004;Fan and Sailor, 2005;Pigeon et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2009;Iamarino et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2016). Sometimes, the fluxes might exceed the value of 100 W m −2 (Iamarino et al, 2012;Quah and Roth, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Xie et al, 2016), with the extreme value of 1590 W m −2 in the densest part of Tokyo at the peak of air-conditioning demand (Ichinose et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Anthropogenic heat (AH) emissions from human activities can change the urban circulation and thereby affect the air pollution in and around cities. Based on statistic data, the spatial distribution of AH flux in South China is estimated. With the aid of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF/Chem), in which the AH parameterization is developed to incorporate the gridded AH emissions with temporal variation, simulations for January and July in 2014 are performed over South China. By analyzing the differences between the simulations with and without adding AH, the impact of AH on regional meteorology and air quality is quantified. The results show that the regional annual mean AH fluxes over South China are only 0.87 W m −2 , but the values for the urban areas of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region can be close to 60 W m −2 . These AH emissions can significantly change the urban heat island and urban-breeze circulations in big cities. In the PRD city cluster, 2 m air temperature rises by 1.1 • in January and over 0.5 • in July, the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) increases by 120 m in January and 90 m in July, 10 m wind speed is intensified to over 0.35 m s −1 in January and 0.3 m s −1 in July, and accumulative precipitation is enhanced by 20-40 % in July. These changes in meteorological conditions can significantly impact the spatial and vertical distributions of air pollutants. Due to the increases in PBLH, surface wind speed and upward vertical movement, the concentrations of primary air pollutants decrease near the surface and increase in the upper levels. But the vertical changes in O 3 concentrations show the different patterns in different seasons. The surface O 3 concentrations in big cities increase with maximum values of over 2.5 ppb in January, while O 3 is reduced at the lower layers and increases at the upper layers above some megacities in July. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that chemical effects can play a significant role in O 3 changes over South China in winter, while the vertical movement can be the dominant effect in some big cities in summer. Adding the gridded AH emissions can better describe the heterogeneous impacts of AH on regional meteorology and air quality, suggesting that more studies on AH should be carried out in climate and air quality assessments.

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Section: Methods For Model Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Methods For Estimating Anthropogenic Heat Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

et al. 2016

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“…This is similar to results for other cities, where vehicles contribute between 47 -62 per cent in Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Salt Lake City and Philadelphia and 51 per cent in São Paulo, while human metabolism contributes 2 -3 per cent in the previously listed American cities and 8 per cent in São Paulo (Sailor and Lu, 2004, Ferreira et al, 2011, Sailor et al, 2015. In South Korea, vehicle emissions are lower, accounting for between 25 -40 per cent of total emissions (Lee et al, 2009). The main difference between this study and others is heating fuel usage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Large seasonal and diurnal anthropogenic heat flux across four Australian cities

Chapman¹,

Watson²,

McAlpine³

2016

JSHESS

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Anthropogenic heat release is a key component of the urban heat island. However, it is often excluded from studies of the urban heat island because reliable estimates are not available. This omission is important because anthropogenic heat can contribute up to 4ºC to the urban heat island, and increases heat stress to urban residents. The exclusion of anthropogenic heat means the urban heat island effect on temperatures may be under-estimated. Here we estimate anthropogenic heat for four Australian capital cities (Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide) to inform the management of the urban heat island in a changing climate. Anthropogenic heat release was calculated using 2011 population census data and an inventory of hourly traffic volume, building electricity and gas use. Melbourne had the highest annual daily average anthropogenic heat emissions, which reached 376 W/m 2 in the city centre during the daytime, while Brisbane's emissions were 261 W/m 2 and Sydney's were 256 W/m 2 . Adelaide had the lowest emissions, with a daily average of 39 W/m 2 in the city centre. Emissions varied within and among the four cities and decreased rapidly with distance from the city centre, to < 5 W/m 2 at 20 km from the city in Brisbane, and 15 km in Adelaide. The highest emissions were found in the city centres during working hours. The peak emissions reached in the centre of Melbourne are similar to the peak emissions in London and Tokyo, where anthropogenic heat is a large component of the urban heat island. This indicates that anthropogenic heat could be an important contributor to the urban heat island in Australian capital cities, and needs to be considered in climate adaptation studies. This is an important problem because climate change, combined with an ageing population and urban growth, could double the deaths from heatwaves in Australian cities over the next 40 years.

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“…All albedos and emissivities of the roof, walls and road are set to 0.2 and 0.95, respectively. Weak anthropogenic heat is included, and its temporal profile is adopted from the profile of the summertime anthropogenic heat estimated in Lee et al (2009) Figure 1 shows the diurnal variation of each component of the urban and rural SEBs that are averaged over the regions from x = 90 to 110 km and from x = 130 to 150 km, respectively. In the daytime, the net radiation in the urban area is similar to that in the rural area (Figure 1(a)).…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime urban breeze circulation and its interaction with convective cells

Ryu

Baik

Han

2012

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The structure and evolution of daytime urban breeze circulation (UBC) and its interaction with convective cells in two dimensions are examined through highresolution numerical model simulation. The UBC is the thermally forced, solenoidal circulation that results from the difference in surface energy balance between the urban and rural areas. As the temperature excess in the urban area increases, the UBC becomes larger and stronger with time and the two urban-breeze fronts (the leading edges of the UBC) that initially form at the urban-rural boundaries in the morning move toward the urban centre. Meanwhile, due to strong surface heating in the daytime, a number of convective cells form in both the rural and urban areas and the different characteristics between rural and urban convective cells are identified. The aspect ratio of the urban cells is smaller than that of the rural cells, which is partly attributed to the deeper urban boundary layer. The cell updrafts originating from the urban area are stronger, warmer and drier than those from the rural area. As the UBC develops, the convective cells that form in the rural area are advected toward the urban area by the UBC. Under the influence of the UBC, the cell updrafts originating from the rural area weaken and the water vapour mixing ratio in the updrafts decreases. As the cell updrafts originating from both the rural and urban areas merge with the urban-breeze front, the front intensity increases and the water vapour mixing ratio at the front is modulated.

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Estimation of anthropogenic heat emission in the Gyeong-In region of Korea

Cited by 87 publications

References 21 publications

Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

Changes in regional meteorology induced by anthropogenic heat and their impacts on air quality in South China

Large seasonal and diurnal anthropogenic heat flux across four Australian cities

Daytime urban breeze circulation and its interaction with convective cells

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