Estimating Treatment Effects From Observational Data

Continuum of Maternal Health Care Services and its impact on Adverse Birth Outcomes in North Shoa Zone: An Application of the Propensity Score Matching Approach

“…We assessed the PS generated from IPTW and matching for sufficient overlap in the distribution of the MLCC and other professional groups. We created a matched sample by matching MLCC and other professional's subjects on the logit of the PS using calipers of width equal to 0.2 of the standard deviation of the logit of the PS [19,20]. One observes that matching on the PS has reduced or eliminated many of the systematic differences between MLCC and other professional subjects that were reported in Table 1.…”

“…In contrast, the limitations of an observational study are often attributed to residual biases from observed confounders and potential biases from unmeasured confounders [17]. In observational studies, selection bias and residual biases have indeed been found to have been most reduced significantly by the Propensity Score(PS) method [18,19]. So PS matching calculates the likelihood that individuals will be LBW and enables comparison with normal birth weight persons who have comparable demographic and medical characteristics, or who possess a similar profile of potential confounders.…”

Calcium Channel Blockers and Outcomes in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

“…When RCT data are unavailable or it is impractical or unethical to conduct RCTs, propensity score-matched non-RCT studies based on retrospective outcome-blinded assembly of balanced cohorts may provide evidence in a timely and cost-effective manner. 8–11 Therefore, in current study, we examined the clinical effectiveness of CCBs in a propensity-matched cohort of older patients with HFpEF.…”

Aldosterone Antagonists and Outcomes in Real-World Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

“…Propensity-matched studies can be a tool for deriving bridge evidence when randomized clinical trial (RCT) based evidence is not readily available (10,11). Further, real-world HF patients are often characteristically and prognostically different from those enrolled in RCTs (12,13).…”