Estimating the Proportion of Childhood Cancer Cases and Costs Attributable to the Environment in California

Nelson, Lauren; Valle, Jhaqueline; King, Galatea; Mills, Paul K.; Richardson, Maxwell J.; Roberts, Eric M.; Smith, Dianne; English, Paul

doi:10.2105/ajph.2017.303690

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Finally, identification and control of environmental risk factors that may cause cancer in children is the single most effective strategy for cancer prevention [23]. As Nelson et al [47] say, reducing environmental hazards associated with residential exposures could substantially reduce the human burden of childhood cancer and result in significant annual and lifetime savings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

et al. 2019

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Background Environmental exposures are related to the risk of some types of cancer, and children are the most vulnerable group of people. This study seeks to present the methodological approaches used in the papers of our group about risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of pollution sources (industrial and urban sites). A population-based case–control study of incident childhood cancers in Spain and their relationship with residential proximity to industrial and urban areas was designed. Two methodological approaches using mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were developed: (a) “ near vs. far ” analysis, where possible excess risks of cancers in children living near (“near”) versus those living far (“far”) from industrial and urban areas were assessed; and (b) “ risk gradient ” analysis, where the risk gradient in the vicinity of industries was assessed. For each one of the two approaches, three strategies of analysis were implemented: “ joint ”, “ stratified ”, and “ individualized ” analysis. Incident cases were obtained from the Spanish Registry of Childhood Cancer (between 1996 and 2011). Results Applying this methodology, associations between proximity (≤ 2 km) to specific industrial and urban zones and risk (OR; 95% CI) of leukemias (1.31; 1.04–1.65 for industrial areas, and 1.28; 1.00–1.53 for urban areas), neuroblastoma (2.12; 1.18–3.83 for both industrial and urban areas), and renal (2.02; 1.16–3.52 for industrial areas) and bone (4.02; 1.73–9.34 for urban areas) tumors have been suggested. Conclusions The two methodological approaches were used as a very useful and flexible tool to analyze the excess risk of childhood cancers in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas, which can be extrapolated and generalized to other cancers and chronic diseases, and adapted to other types of pollution sources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

et al. 2019

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“…Given that planetary health and child health depends on our environment, knowledge about the contribution of environmental risk factors to pediatric cancer-regarding both its incidence and its economic costs-is crucial to the framing of policy discussions regarding pediatric cancer and its prevention (Nelson et al, 2017). Although exposure to nuclear radiation is an established risk factor for cancer (Cardis et al, 2006), contemporary research about other environmental risk factors to inform childhood cancer prevention efforts is disjointed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Cancer in an Era of Global Climate Change: A Scoping Review

Buser¹,

Lake²,

Ginier³

2022

Journal of Pediatric Health Care

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“…The medical community has an obligation to inform the public about the hazards environmental factors poses by inducing oxidative stress that contributes to neoplasia [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy and Nutritional Therapies

Westman¹

2017

J Neoplasm

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Estimating the Proportion of Childhood Cancer Cases and Costs Attributable to the Environment in California

Abstract: Reducing environmental hazards and exposures in California could substantially reduce the human burden of childhood cancer and result in significant annual and lifetime savings.

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

Methodological approaches to the study of cancer risk in the vicinity of pollution sources: the experience of a population-based case–control study of childhood cancer

Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Cancer in an Era of Global Climate Change: A Scoping Review

A Review of Cancer Immunotherapy and Nutritional Therapies

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