Estimating the open biomass burning emissions in central and eastern China from 2003 to 2015 based on satellite observation

Abstract

Abstract. Open biomass burning (OBB) has significant impacts on air pollution, climate change and potential human health. OBB has gathered wide attention but with little focus on the annual variation of pollutant emission. Central and eastern China (CEC) is one of the most polluted regions in China. This study aims to provide a state-of-theart estimation of the pollutant emissions from OBB in CEC from 2003 to 2015, by adopting the satellite observation dataset -the burned area product (MCD64Al) and the active fire product (MCD14 ML) -along with local biomass data (updated biomass loading data and high-resolution vegetation data) and local emission factors. The successful adoption of the double satellite dataset for long-term estimation of pollutants from OBB with a high spatial resolution can support the assessing of OBB on regional air quality, especially for harvest periods or dry seasons. It is also useful to evaluate the effects of annual OBB management policies in different regions. Here, monthly emissions of pollutants were estimated and allocated into a 1 × 1 km spatial grid for four types of OBB including grassland, shrubland, forest and cropland.

The unintended consequence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations

“…However, ammonia emissions appear to have reached a maximum in 2005 and have been almost constant since (Kang et al, 2016). Another study (Zhang et al, 2018) estimates a 7 % increase of NH 3 emissions between 2011 and 2015, much lower than the observed trends. Other sources, such as biomass burning and associated ammonia emissions, do not show particular trends (Wu et al, 2018).…”

The unintended consequence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> regulations over China: increase of ammonia levels and impact on PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations

“…Additional sources, such as biomass burning and associated ammonia emissions, do not show particular trends (Wu et al, 2018). Consequently, the increase of atmospheric NH 3(g) concentrations over China does not seem to be explained by changes in ammonia emissions.…”

Estimation of Forest Fire Emissions in Southwest China from 2013 to 2017

“…The latest emission factors data were collected experimentally in China, which was the preferred method in other relevant research. In this study, the same emission factor values were applied to the same forest type according to the extensive literature reviews by Song et al [2] and Wu et al [1]. The emission factors of forest fires for each pollutant are summarized in Table 2.…”

“…In terms of types of biomass burning, forest fires are the primary contributor to non-agricultural fire emissions in China [1,2]. Forest fires produce a large amount of trace gases and particulate matter worldwide, which worsen local and regional air quality and the global climate [3,4].…”

“…Our work provides a better understanding of the spatiotemporal representation of regional forest fire emissions and basic data for forest fire management departments and related research on pollution and emissions controls. This method will also provide guidance for other areas to develop high-resolution regional forest fire emissions inventories.Atmosphere 2020, 11, 15 2 of 12 Although they are an important type of biomass burning, forest fire emissions have been commonly analyzed only as a part of overall biomass burning emissions, and detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal changes of the forest fire emissions has been neglected [1,[13][14][15]. Tian et al [16,17] noted that forest fires are influenced by many factors and have more complex characteristics than other biomass types.…”