Estimating the herd and cow level prevalence of bovine digital dermatitis on New Zealand dairy farms: A Bayesian superpopulation approach

Yang, D.A.; Johnson, Wesley O.; Müller, Kerstin; Gates, M. Carolyn; Laven, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.02.014

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Advanced lesions are very rare in New Zealand. So far, out of 1353 DD affected cows detected by the first author over the years, four "advanced lesions" including the one found in this study have been observed [11,20]. The other three which are morphologically similar to the advanced lesion found in this study were only observed once in cross-sectional studies and no further observations were made on those three.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Longitudinal data on lesion occurrence and type were collected over a single lactation season in three springcalving herds in the Waikato region of New Zealand. The herds had all been previously identified as having DD from a previous cross-sectional study [20] and were selected on a convenience basis since they were located close together, the farmers were willing to have repeated visits from the researcher, and the farmers agreed not to use DD treatments during the study (unless there was a significant welfare concern for the animal). Only Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian cross cows were raised in all these herds and they were milked twice a day in herringbone milking parlours.…”

Section: Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are typically small grey, rubbery lesions which may or may not have thickened, darker edges, although larger, papillomatous lesions can also be found with much lower frequency. Red active (M2) lesions are extremely rare [20]. Post-treatment M3 lesions are not a feature of the disease in New Zealand as lesions are treated only very rarely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

Yang

Laven

Müller

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is an important infectious cause of cattle lameness worldwide that has become increasingly prevalent in New Zealand pastoral dairy herds. In this study, a simplified DD scoring system after considering both M and Iowa DD scoring systems was applied to explore the transmission dynamics of DD in a typical springcalving pastoral New Zealand dairy herd. The modified model only included three compartments: normal skin, early stage lesions and advanced lesions. Lesions regressing after treatment were excluded as DD lesions are rarely treated in New Zealand. Furthermore, sub-classes within each lesion class were not defined due to the lack of variability in DD lesion presentations within New Zealand. The model was validated based on longitudinal field data from three dairy herds in the Waikato region during one lactation season . The model suggested that in infected dairy herds, although DD prevalence will tend to increase year-on-year it is likely to remain relatively low (< 18%) even after 10 years of within-herd transmission. It is likely that the low transmission rate during the late lactation (model assumption) results in more cases resolving than developing during this period and therefore results in the low prevalence of infectious cattle at the start of each subsequent lactation. Cattle with advanced lesions had a stronger influence on the establishment and maintenance of DD than cattle with early stage lesions highlighting the importance of targeting these animals for intervention. On-going monitoring of DD is highly recommended to assess the long-term progression of the disease in affected dairy herds. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article' s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article'

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Field Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

Yang

Laven

Müller

et al. 2020

Vet Res

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“…In contrast, very few studies [13–15] have been undertaken in cattle that are principally pasture-based with no or very limited use of housing, where many of the risk factors identified in confined animals are irrelevant. Specific research in such systems is essential as there can be large variation between pasture-based dairy herds in the prevalence of BDD [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of this study was to use Bayesian methods to investigate the impact of farm management practices on pasture-based dairy herds across New Zealand on 1) the probability of a herd being BDD-lesion positive obtained from a previous Bayesian latent class analysis [16] and 2) the within-herd BDD prevalence, namely the probability of a cow within a herd having BDD lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian analysis of herd-level risk factors for bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand dairy herds

et al. 2019

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Background: Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is considered the most important infectious cause of lameness in dairy cattle worldwide, but has only recently been observed in New Zealand. Although many studies have investigated the risk factors for BDD in confined dairy systems, information on risk factors in pasture-based system is limited. Therefore a cross-sectional study including 59,849 animals from 127 dairy herds in four regions of New Zealand was conducted to identify the herd-level factors associated with the probability of a herd being BDD-lesion positive and with within-herd BDD prevalence. Results: Purchasing heifers was associated with increased odds of a herd being BDD-lesion positive (odds ratio [OR]: 2.33, 95% probability interval [PI]: 1.26-4.42) and a cow being BDD affected (OR: 3.76, 95%PI: 1.73-8.38), respectively. Higher odds of a herd being BDD-lesion positive (OR: 2.06, 95%PI: 1.17-3.62) and a cow being BDD affected (OR: 2.87, 95%PI: 1.43-5.94) were also seen in herds where heifers co-grazed with cattle from other properties. In addition, using outside staff to treat lameness was associated with higher odds of a cow being BDD affected (OR: 2.18, 95%PI: 0.96-4.98). Conclusion: This study highlighted that movements of heifers are significantly associated with the spread of BDD within and between dairy herds in New Zealand. To minimise the risk of disease introductions in herds where moving heifers cannot be avoided, it is best to purchase heifers only from herds where BDD-freedom has been confirmed and, if heifers have to graze-off a farm, they should be reared as a single biosecure management group, especially since animals may be BDD-infected without having clinically obvious lesions.

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Performance of the StaphGoldELISA test in determining subclinicalStaphylococcus aureusinfections in dairy cows using a Gaussian mixture model

Yang

Laven

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background A novel ELISA test has been developed to detect antigen‐specific IgG in early and late lactation cows in New Zealand. Objectives This study was to evaluate the discriminatory ability of the ELISA based on the detection of S. aureus‐specific IgG as a screening test. Methods The ELISA was used for the composite milk samples taken during routine herd testing in 2018–2019 milking season in New Zealand. In the absence of a gold standard test, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity was estimated using a Gaussian mixture model. Results The ELISA test had a high accuracy (AUC = 0.98) to detect antigen‐specific IgG in early and late lactation cows with high somatic cell count due to either subsequent to or contemporaneous with the S. aureus invasion. Using an S/P ratio = 0.3 as the cut‐off value, the ELISA test has sensitivity of 0.9 and specificity of 0.95, while the sensitivity increased to 0.94 at a cost of a decreased specificity of 0.9 at a lower cut‐off value 0.26. Conclusions The integration of the ELISA test as a screening tool into specific control programs may be useful to reduce the spread of S. aureus infections, to aid with treatment decisions, and to establish a correct milking order.

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Estimating the herd and cow level prevalence of bovine digital dermatitis on New Zealand dairy farms: A Bayesian superpopulation approach

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

Modelling the transmission dynamics of bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand pastoral dairy production systems

Bayesian analysis of herd-level risk factors for bovine digital dermatitis in New Zealand dairy herds

Performance of the StaphGoldELISA test in determining subclinicalStaphylococcus aureusinfections in dairy cows using a Gaussian mixture model

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