Estimating ship emissions based on AIS data for port of Tianjin, China

Chen, Dongsheng; Zhao, Yuhui; Nelson, Peter F.; Li, Yue; Wang, Xiaotong; Zhou, Ying; Lang, Jianlei; Guo, Xulin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.086

Cited by 143 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The emission estimates of SO 2 and NO x were close to the estimates of Fu et al (2017) for 2013, but estimates of SO 2 , NO x and PM 2.5 were slightly lower than those of Chen et al (2019) for 2014 due to the different temporal or spatial statistical scope. However, the proportion of ship SO 2 emissions in the YRD region with respect to the total Chinese shipping emissions in this study is consistent with the 33 % to 37 % reported in the other studies (Chen et al, 2017a(Chen et al, , 2019Liu et al, 2018b;Lv et al, 2018).…”

Section: Shipping Emissions In the Yrd Regionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the megacity of Shanghai are host to one of the busiest port clusters in the world; the region also suffers from high levels of air pollution. The goal of this study was to estimate the contributions of shipping to regional emissions, air quality, and population exposure and to characterize the importance of the geographic spatiality of shipping lanes and different types of ship-related sources for the baseline year of 2015, which was prior to the implementation of China's Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs) in 2016. The WRF-CMAQ model, which combines the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, was used to simulate the influence of coastal and inland-water shipping, port emissions and ship-related cargo transport on air quality and on the population-weighted concentrations (which is a measure of human exposure). Our results showed that the impact of shipping on air quality in the YRD was primarily attributable to shipping emissions within 12 NM (nautical miles) of shore, but emissions coming from the coastal area between 24 and 96 NM still contributed substantially to ship-related PM2.5 concentrations in the YRD. The overall contribution of ships to the PM2.5 concentration in the YRD could reach 4.62 µg m−3 in summer when monsoon winds transport shipping emissions onshore. In Shanghai city, inland-water going ships were major contributors (40 %–80 %) to the shipping impact on urban air quality. Given the proximity of inland-water ships to the urban populations of Shanghai, the emissions of inland-water ships contributed more to population-weighted concentrations. These research results provide scientific evidence to inform policies for controlling future shipping emissions; in particular, in the YRD region, expanding the boundary of 12 NM from shore in China's current DECA policy to around 100 NM from shore would include most of shipping emissions affecting air pollutant exposure, and stricter fuel standards could be considered for the ships on inland rivers and other waterways close to residential regions.

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Section: Shipping Emissions In the Yrd Regionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…(d) Emission factor. In previous studies, the emission factors were assumed as fixed values under different activity modes [13]. This is not realistic in practical application.…”

Section: Parameter Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operational modes, including cruising, slow cruising in reduced speed zones, maneuvering and hotelling, were categorized based on the vessel speeds. Another Automatic Identification System (AIS) based emission inventory in Tianjin Port using a bottom-up approach was developed in 2016 [13]. The inter-monthly emission variations and the uncertainties in the estimation were also investigated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Estimation of Vessel Emissions Inventory in Qingdao Port Based on Big data Analysis

et al. 2018

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Exhaust emissions from vessels have increasingly attracted attention in the continuously growing marine transport world trade market. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has introduced a number of measures designed to reduce exhaust emissions from global shipping. As one of the busiest ports in the world, Qingdao port has been studied to propose possible support to the development of efficient emission reduction. In this study, a large amount data of emissions inventory in Qingdao port was used to predict its annual exhaust emissions, and hence, to help understand maritime pollution in Qingdao port. Bigdata analysis methodology was employed to perform accurate predictions on vessel emissions. The analysis results show that the emissions were dominated by container ships, oil tankers, and bulk cargo ships. The comparison between Qingdao port and other ports in emission control areas demonstrates the necessity of control measures for exhaust emissions. The adoption of shore power and efficient cargo handling seems to be a potential solution to reduce exhaust emissions. The findings of this study are meaningful for maritime safety administration to understand the current emission situation in Qingdao port, propose corresponding control measures, and perform pollution prevention.Symmetry 2018, 10, 452 2 of 11 technical data for regional ships and national sea transport, and the establishment of new specific fuel consumption (SFC) figures and emission factors for ship engines in general.Currently, the activity-based method has been applied for emission prediction in vessels [8]. Jalkanen et al. [9] computed the exhaust emissions of marine traffic in the Baltic Sea area based on the relationship of the instantaneous speed to the design speed, and the detailed technical information of the engines of the ships. An in-port ship activity-based methodology was applied by Tzannatos [10] for maneuvering and berthing of coastal passenger ships and cruise ships calling at the passenger port of Piraeus (Greece), in order to estimate the emission of the main ship exhaust pollutants (NO X , SO 2 , and PM 2.5 ) over a twelve-month period in 2008 and 2009. Shipping emissions in Candarli Gulf, Turkey, were calculated based on the energy consumptions of ships for every different stage which was called operation modes (cruising, maneuvering and hotelling), and detailed real-time activity data were used for calculations of shipping emissions in this study [11]. To estimate the exhaust emission from ocean-going vessels in Hong Kong, Yau et al. [12] collected complete data sets of ship activities, including arrival, departure, and activities during shifts between berths within the Hong Kong territory. The operational modes, including cruising, slow cruising in reduced speed zones, maneuvering and hotelling, were categorized based on the vessel speeds. Another Automatic Identification System (AIS) based emission inventory in Tianjin Port using a bottom-up approach was developed in 2016 [13]. The inter-monthly emission variations ...

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“…Ship emissions are a major source of pollutants in coastal regions. Previous studies on ship emission inventories indicate that high emission intensities are generally located in port areas and major shipping channels near the coast [13,14,20,48,49], and~70% of ship emissions occur within 400 km of the coastline according to Corbett et al [50] and Eyring et al [51,52]. The transport and dispersion of ship emissions may thus often be dependent on sea breezes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sea Breeze Circulation on the Transport of Ship Emissions in Tangshan Port, China

et al. 2019

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A sea breeze is a local circulation that occurs in coastal regions from the poles to the equator. The adverse influence of ship emissions on air quality in coastal areas may be aggravated by the onshore flow of sea breeze circulation. However, our knowledge regarding the evolution of ship-emitted pollutants during a specific sea breeze episode is still limited. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the evolution of ship emissions during a sea breeze episode that occurred on 29 June, 2014 in Tangshan port in China by employing the WRF/Chem model. NO2, one of the primary pollutants emitted by ships, was selected as the target pollutant for investigation. The results indicate that the ground level NO2 concentration was considerably affected by sea breeze circulation. Although the onset of the sea breeze was delayed until nearly midday due to offshore synoptic winds, ship-emitted NO2 was transported to more than 100 km inland with the penetration of the sea breeze. Further investigation found that the averaged concentration of ship-contributed NO2 during the episode showed an evident downward trend as the distance from the coastline increased. Vertically, the shallow atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) on the sea limited the vertical dispersion of ship emissions, and the pollutant was transported shoreward by the sea breeze within this shallow ABL. The height of the ABLs is lowered in coastal regions due to the cooling effect of sea breezes which brings the cool marine air to the hot land surface. Ship-contributed NO2 was mostly trapped in the shallow ABL; thereby, its concentration increased.

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Estimating ship emissions based on AIS data for port of Tianjin, China

Cited by 143 publications

References 22 publications

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Estimation of Vessel Emissions Inventory in Qingdao Port Based on Big data Analysis

Impact of Sea Breeze Circulation on the Transport of Ship Emissions in Tangshan Port, China

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