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Cited by 122 publications
(34 citation statements)
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References 7 publications
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“…Coastal passenger shipping, as opposed to cruise shipping, was found to be the dominate contributor of emissions in the passenger port of Piraeus in Greece (Tzannatos, 2010). As for Barcelona in Spain, the highest polluters are car carriers among all other ship types (Villalba & Gemechu, 2011). In another empirical analysis taken on Taiwan (Berechman & Tseng, 2012), tankers and container ships were found to be the first and second largest groups of ships emitting such pollutants in Kaohsiung Port.…”
Section: Environmental Impacts In Portsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Coastal passenger shipping, as opposed to cruise shipping, was found to be the dominate contributor of emissions in the passenger port of Piraeus in Greece (Tzannatos, 2010). As for Barcelona in Spain, the highest polluters are car carriers among all other ship types (Villalba & Gemechu, 2011). In another empirical analysis taken on Taiwan (Berechman & Tseng, 2012), tankers and container ships were found to be the first and second largest groups of ships emitting such pollutants in Kaohsiung Port.…”
Section: Environmental Impacts In Portsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…In general, for each source sector or category, CO 2 emissions are calculated when the quantity of fuel consumed at the national level of detail is multiplied by a specific national emission factor [1,3,5,6,[11][12][13]. CO 2 emissions in DPDC are estimated as follows:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In more detail, first with reference to the technical perspective, several studies have investigated CO 2 emissions or other dangerous airborne emissions arising from international shipping [46,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Other studies have investigated carbon emissions per passenger-kilometer, as well as the burning of oil (especially heavy fuel oil and marine diesel oil) from international vessels regarding the emission of CO 2 , SO 2 , NO x , and hydrocarbons into the atmosphere [62,[68][69][70][71][72].…”
Section: Review Of Environmental Sustainability Literature For Portsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some studies adopt a technical viewpoint, focusing their attention on seeking and developing instruments aimed at reducing, for instance, gaseous emissions or emissions of particulate matter and carbon monoxide [46][47][48]. Other researchers attend to the managerial and economic perspective related to environmental sustainability [16,[49][50][51][52][53]; for example, they examine the development and introduction of specific effective policies in measuring and controlling future cost scenarios for the reduction of CO 2 emissions by ships [51].…”
Section: Review Of Environmental Sustainability Literature For Portsmentioning
confidence: 99%