Estimated crop losses due to pathogens, animal pests and weeds

Oerke, E. C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-82095-2.50009-9

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 425 publications

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“…Although the area of available land (1.4 billion hectare) has remained more or less constant, worldwide production increased in the last 30 years by 22 %. At the same time, the world human population only grew by 16 % (Oerke 1994). Twenty years ago, 30 % of all people in developing countries were undernourished; today this number is only 18 %.…”

Section: World Population and Human Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature's Concept. The ‘New Agriculture’ amidst Ecology, Economy and the Demythologization of the Gene

Geldermann¹,

Kogel²

2002

J Agronomy Crop Science

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From worldwide discussions about the limits of agriculture has arisen a powerful vision of sustainable development. Phrases like ‘limitation’, ‘sustainability’, ‘sufficient supply’, ‘fair distribution’ and ‘productivity of resources’ are no longer hindrances but guidelines for a fairer and safer world. ‘Nature's Concept' focuses on biological and ecological principles. On this basis, criteria of action have to be defined in order to determine long‐term economic consequences of agri‐production. The costs of destruction of natural resources, such as reduction of genetic resources, changes to the world climate and soil degradation, are inestimably large. The long‐term effects show the real substance of the agri‐shift and the demands on research. The solution for sustainable agriculture is more than ever a scientific development of ‘tools’ for a sensible management of resources. Gene technology may be an option to reduce the ecological risks of agriculture, especially those of devastating land use. For this purpose, new education programmes with international links and interventions by states are crucial in order to solve conflicts when short‐term interests interfere with long‐term ecological values. The international agri‐centres could have a further impact to guarantee access to new techniques for all countries. Thus agriculture could finally become a major pillar in a fair world order.

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Section: World Population and Human Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature's Concept. The ‘New Agriculture’ amidst Ecology, Economy and the Demythologization of the Gene

Geldermann¹,

Kogel²

2002

J Agronomy Crop Science

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“…Such results are dependent on high-yielding modern varieties and intensive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. Over the last few decades the pace of innovation in cereal production has been such that yields in Europe today are more than double those attained as recently as 1960 (Oerke 1994).…”

Section: Modern Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yields are substantially lower where climate is less favourable, as in the Near East, where wheat yields an average 1 t/ha, due largely to constraints of water supply, and southern Europe, with average figures of 2.5 t/ha (Oerke 1994).…”

Section: Modern Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In western and central Europe, for example, 6% of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) crops are lost annually to disease, and similar losses are inflicted by animals and weeds. The potential losses of barley and wheat without crop protection (but with the use of modern varieties and the application of fertilizers) have been calculated at around 20% to disease, 12% to animals and 18% to weeds (Oerke 1994). This amounts, then, to half the crop!…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pests and Diseases of Prehistoric Crops: A Yield ‘Honeymoon’ for Early Grain Crops in Europe?

Dark

Gent²

2001

Oxford J Archaeology

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Before the agricultural improvements of recent centuries, grain yields in medieval Europe appear to have been extremely low: well below the full potential of the crops. If yields were similarly low in prehistory, the adoption of cereal cultivation could have conveyed few benefits in terms of productivity. Consideration of the key constraints on cereal yield highlights the previous neglect of the role of pests and diseases. It is suggested that these may have been particularly damaging in the medieval period, but much less so during the early stages of the adoption of agriculture.Textual and archaeological evidence for the past occurrence of pests and diseases is discussed and, combined with consideration of the development of pest and pathogen problems of recent crop introductions, used to provide a possible outline of the early development of the pest/disease burden. It is suggested that when grain crops were first introduced into temperate Europe there may have been a`honeymoon period' with high yields: pests and diseases which had been endemic on cereals in semi-arid, continental, or Mediterranean climates did not thrive in the temperature climate, while species native to northwest Europe may not have been adapted to attack cereals. Subsequently, however, some pests and diseases evolved to attack cereals in this environment. These may have prompted changes in grain production methods to reduce the risk of damage. Pests and diseases must have been a driving force in agrarian change for several millennia, and cannot be ignored in attempts to understand the history of agriculture.

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“…Los daños económicos provocados por la misma eran importantes como consecuencia de la pérdida de calidad comercial de los tubérculos, sin contar con el riesgo que suponía en la producción de material de propagación infectado y en su almacenamiento en bancos de germoplasma (Randles, 2003). Por ejemplo, durante el periodo comprendido entre 1988 y 1990, las pérdidas en la producción de patata en Estados Unidos fueron de aproximadamente 200.000 toneladas (Oerke, 1994 (Singh et al, 2003b). El síntoma más característico en plantas de patata y que da nombre a la enfermedad es la deformación de los tubérculos, que adoptan forma ahusada ( Fig.…”

Section: Corteunclassified

Resistencia a viroides inducida por ribozimas de cabeza de martillo y RNAs interferentes

Olivares¹

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Estimated crop losses due to pathogens, animal pests and weeds

Cited by 22 publications

References 425 publications

Nature's Concept. The ‘New Agriculture’ amidst Ecology, Economy and the Demythologization of the Gene

Nature's Concept. The ‘New Agriculture’ amidst Ecology, Economy and the Demythologization of the Gene

Pests and Diseases of Prehistoric Crops: A Yield ‘Honeymoon’ for Early Grain Crops in Europe?

Resistencia a viroides inducida por ribozimas de cabeza de martillo y RNAs interferentes

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