Estimate of dry deposition fluxes of nutrients over the East China Sea: The implication of aerosol ammonium to non-sea-salt sulfate ratio to nutrient deposition of coastal oceans

Zhu, Lianqing; Chen, Ying; Guo, Lin; Wang, Fujiang

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.028

Cited by 53 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Uematsu et al (2010) conducted a survey about the atmosphere transport and deposition of different size-fractioned aerosols from Asia to the ECS. In addition, Zhu et al (2013) estimated the dry deposition fluxes of nutrients over the ECS by collecting different size-segregated samples separated into eight size intervals. However, the previous observations made over the coastal seas and at several local monitoring sites (e.g., Qianliyan, Yellow Sea; Cheju Island, Korea) were mostly focused in spring and early summer owing to the frequent occurrence of Asian dust events under the strong westerly monsoon (Chen et al 1997;Kim et al 1998;Lee et al 2002;Zhang et al 2002;Kim et al 2009) but only a few in autumn (Nakamura et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Aerosol Composition over the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in Autumn*

Zhang

Yang

Liu

et al. 2013

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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The total suspended particulate (TSP) samples over the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea were collected to determine the major compositions of water-soluble ionic species during two cruises in autumn 2007. The aerosol compositions exhibited an obvious regional variation between the two cruises, with higher concentrations (except Na 1 and Mg 21 ) over the northern Yellow Sea during the first cruise. The concentrations of the secondary ions [non-sea salt sulfate (nss-SO 4 22 ), NO 3 2 , and NH 4 1 ] were 11 6 4.9, 3.1 6 2.1, and 3.7 6 2.6 mg m 23 , respectively, which together contributed over 72% of the total determined ion concentrations. Significant correlations between these secondary ions were found within each sampling period, while nss-K 1 and nss-Ca 21 showed strong correlation with each other. The calculated results of equivalent concentrations of anions (nss-SO 4 22 and NO 3 2 ) and cations (NH 4 1 and Ca 21 ) showed that the acidic species were mostly neutralized with the alkaline species over the study areas. The mass ratio of nss-SO 4 22 /NO 3 2 was 1.4 during the investigation period. In addition, the concentrations of MSA were 0.011 6 0.044 and 0.0081 6 0.0047 mg m 23 during the two cruises, respectively. Based on the measured MSA, nss-SO 4 22, and their ratios, the relative biogenic sulfur contribution to the total nss-SO 4 22 was estimated to be only 2.0% during the two cruises, further suggesting the major contribution of anthropogenic source to sulfur budget over the marginal seas of China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of Aerosol Composition over the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in Autumn*

Zhang

Yang

Liu

et al. 2013

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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“…Thus, the N biogeochemical processes are of great concern in the ECS. However, most of previous studies have mainly focused on the source, distribution, and deposition of N as well as dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (including denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation) in the ECS [ Chen and Wang , ; Gao et al , ; Hou et al , ; Song et al , ; Zhu et al , ; Deng et al , ; Gao et al , ]. To date, few studies have examined sedimentary N mineralization and immobilization and their associations with environmental factors [ Lin et al , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in sediments of the East China Sea: Spatiotemporal variations and environmental implications

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen (N) mineralization and immobilization are important processes of N biogeochemical cycle in marine sediments. This study investigated gross N mineralization (GNM) and NH4+ immobilization (GAI) in the sediments from the East China Sea (ESC), using 15N stable isotope dilution technique. Results show that measured rates of GNM and GAI ranged from 0.04 to 6.1 µg N g−1 d−1 and from undetectable to 9.82 µg N g−1 d−1, respectively. In general, both GNM and GAI rates were significantly greater in summer as compared to winter, and the high rates occurred mainly in the muddy area and increased gradually from the Yangtze Estuary to Zhe‐Min Coastal muddy areas. The GNM and GAI processes were related closely to sediment temperature, pH, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) contents in the muddy area, while they were associated tightly with sediment temperature, pH, NH4+, TOC, TN, sulfide, and Fe(III) concentrations in the sandy area. In addition, the total mineralized and immobilized N in the East China Sea (ECS) were estimated to be approximately 2.1 × 106 t N yr−1 and 2.7 × 106 t N yr−1, respectively. Overall, these results highlight the importance of N mineralization and immobilization in controlling the N budget in the ECS and improve the understanding of both processes and associated controlling mechanisms in the coastal marine ecosystem.

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“…Several previous observations were made mainly over eastern and southern China coastal seas (the East China Sea and the northern South China Sea) or at several local monitoring sites-for instance, Qianliyan and Cheju Island Kim et al 2000;Zhang et al 2001;Hsu et al 2007;Uematsu et al 2010;Zhu et al 2013)-but little work has been done on the characteristics of total suspended particulate (TSP) over the BS and YS, especially in spring and autumn on a large scale. The Bohai Sea (BS) is the innermost gulf of the YS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics and Source Analysis of Aerosol Composition over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in Spring and Autumn

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2015

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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The total suspended particulate (TSP) samples over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea were collected during two cruises in spring and autumn in 2012. Concentrations of water-soluble ions {Na 1 , K 1 , NH 4 1 , Mg 21 , Ca 21 , Cl 2 , NO 3 2 , SO 4 22 , and CH 3 SO 3 2 [methanesulfonic acid (MSA)]} and trace metals (Al, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and V) were measured. Mass concentrations of TSP samples ranged from 65.2 to 136 mg m 23 in spring and from 15.9 to 70.3 mg m 23 in autumn, with average values of 100 6 22.4 and 40.2 6 17.8 mg m 23 , respectively. The aerosol was acidic throughout the sampling periods according to calculation of equivalent concentrations of the cations (NH 4 1 , nss-Ca 21 , and nss-K 1 ) and anions (nss-SO 4 22 and NO 3 2). Correlation analysis and enrichment factors revealed that the aerosol composition in the coastal marine atmosphere had a feature of a mixture of air masses: that is, crustal, marine, and anthropogenic emissions. Trace metals were enriched by a wide range of 1-10 3 , and enrichment factors for crustal source (EFc) were relatively higher in spring. Species like Cd, Zn, and Pb had an overwhelming contribution from anthropogenic sources. In addition, the concentrations of MSA varied from 0.0075 to 0.17 and from 0.0019 to 0.018 mg m 23 during the spring and autumn cruises, respectively, with means of 0.061 and 0.012 mg m 23 , respectively. Based on the observed MSA and nss-SO 4 22 concentrations in spring and autumn, the relative biogenic sulfur contributions to nss-SO 4 22 were estimated to be 8.0% and 3.5% on average, respectively, implying that anthropogenic sources had a dominant contribution to the sulfur budget over the observational area.

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Estimate of dry deposition fluxes of nutrients over the East China Sea: The implication of aerosol ammonium to non-sea-salt sulfate ratio to nutrient deposition of coastal oceans

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Chemical Characteristics of Aerosol Composition over the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in Autumn*

Chemical Characteristics of Aerosol Composition over the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in Autumn*

Nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in sediments of the East China Sea: Spatiotemporal variations and environmental implications

Chemical Characteristics and Source Analysis of Aerosol Composition over the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in Spring and Autumn

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