Establishment of reference CD4+ T cell values for adult Indian population

Thakar, Madhuri; Abraham, Philip; Arora, Sunil; Balakrishnan, Pachamuthu; Bandyopadhyay, Bhaswati; Joshi, Ameeta; Devi, Kangjam Rekha; Vasanthapuram, Ravi; Vajpayee, Madhu; Desai, Anita; Mohanakrishnan, Janardhanan; Narain, Kanwar; Ray, Koushik; Patil, Shilpa S; Singh, Ravinder; Singla, Anuj; Paranjape, Ramesh

doi:10.1186/1742-6405-8-35

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The impact of age on CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cells and the senescence of the immune response must be studied. Regarding gender, a higher number of CD4 ϩ cells have been reported in women than in men in Indian, Spanish, and Chinese populations (4,5,9); however, in the present study, we did not find a significant difference between women and men (Table 1).…”

Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In comparison to the Dutch population, Mexicans had a lower median CD4 ϩ count (11). Finally, Indian and Ugandan (19-to 24-year-old) females had a higher median CD4 ϩ count than Mexicans (4,12 ϩ cell counts and female hormone variations.…”

Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the reference values for healthy people are adopted from textbooks or the flow cytometry supplier and are usually based on Caucasian populations. Studies in different countries have reported variations in T lymphocyte subset reference values, emphasizing the importance of considering gender, age, environment, and ethnicity when evaluating cell counts (3,4). The objective of this study was to determine reference values for absolute CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cell counts for the adult Mexican population according to sex and age.…”

Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ T Cell Reference Values in the Mexico City Population

Moreno-Galván

Palafox

2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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T he quantification of CD4ϩ and CD8 ϩ T lymphocytes is the most important laboratory test used to evaluate and monitor the success of antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection (1, 2). In Mexico, this test has been performed for more than 12 years. However, the reference values for healthy people are adopted from textbooks or the flow cytometry supplier and are usually based on Caucasian populations. Studies in different countries have reported variations in T lymphocyte subset reference values, emphasizing the importance of considering gender, age, environment, and ethnicity when evaluating cell counts (3, 4). The objective of this study was to determine reference values for absolute CD4 ϩ and CD8 ϩ T cell counts for the adult Mexican population according to sex and age.Subjects. A total of 400 healthy Mexicans (200 women and 200 men) participated in this study. A demographic and epidemiological questionnaire was administered to all participants to gather information on age, address, education level, and family history. All individuals who were born in Mexico City and had ancestors born in Mexico City for at least three generations were included. Individuals from well-delimited ethnicities were not included in this analysis. The epidemiology of HIV in Mexico has been reported to be 4 HIV-infected adults for every 1,000 Mexicans. With regard to age group, people between 25 and 34 years of age represent the highest percentage of AIDS cases. Thus, the participants in the present study were grouped into the following 4 age ranges: 20 to 25, 26 to 30, 31 to 35, and 36 to 40 years old. We analyzed 50 individuals in each age and gender group. All study participants were examined by a medical doctor. The health statuses of the participants were assessed by reviewing their medical records and conducting a physical examination and clinical laboratory tests, including a negative HIV probe. The participants were recruited from private medical care facilities and medical societies. The samples were analyzed at the National Reference Institute Instituto de Diagnostico y Referencias Epidemiologicos in Mexico City. Patient information and informed consent letters were signed by all participants.Specimen characteristics. Whole blood was collected with a Vacutainer system in 5-ml tubes containing EDTA. The samples were processed within 10 h of collection.Flow cytometric analysis. Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed with a FACSCount (Becton, Dickinson) with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the following proteins: immunoglobulin G1 and immunoglobulin G2 as controls, CD3, CD3-CD4, and CD3-CD8. In addition to the monoclonal antibodies, the reagent tubes also contained fluorochrome-labeled reference beads, which act as a fluorescence standard to identify lymphocytes and a quantification standard (CD3 PE-Cy5 and CD4 phycoerythrin [PE], CD3 PE-Cy5 and CD8 PE). To evaluate accuracy and linearity, the instrument was calibrated with control beads at four different concentrations (0, 50, 250, and 1,000 particles/50 l). In brief, 50 l of w...

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Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4contrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: T He Quantification Of Cd4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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CD4 ⁺ CD8 ⁺ T Cell Reference Values in the Mexico City Population

Moreno-Galván

Palafox

2013

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…15,16 It has been suggested that a sex hormone effect could be one possible explanation for the reported higher in CD4 + T cell counts in felamle HIV/AIDS patients. 17 The number of Malassezia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low CD4+ T cell counts are not risk factor for Malassezia species infection in HIV/AIDS patients

Panjaitan¹,

Pudjiati

Siswati

2014

JMedScie

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Human immunodefiiency virus (HIV) infection and aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)cause a progressive depletion of CD4 + T cell populations accompanied by progressive impairment of cellular immunity and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Seborrheic dermatitis is one of the most common skin opportunistic infections on HIV/AIDS patients. Malassezia species is bilieved as the causative of seborrheic dermatitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate low CD4 + T cell counts as risk factor for Malassezia sp. infection in HIV/AIDS patients. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design conducted on HIV/AIDS patients who attended in Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada/ Dr Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Culture of Malassezia sp. was conducted in Department of Microbiology and classified as high (>100 CFU/ tape) and low (<100 CFU/tape) density colonies. CD4 Sci, Volume 46,No. 4, CFU/tape. Tidak ada hubungan bermakna adalah kadar sel T CD4 + dengan jumlah koloni Malassezia sp dalam penelitian ini (p=0,607; 95%CI=0,(4)(5)19; RP=0,452). Dapat disimpulkan, kadar sel T CD4 + yang rendah bukan merupakan faktor terjadinya infeksi Malassezia sp. pada penderita HIV/AIDS.

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“…Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry is widely used for relative and absolute quantification of white blood cells and, therefore, it is required that laboratories establish reference ranges for relative and absolute lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood samples [6]. Many studies have shown that different populations have distinct reference ranges [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. For example, Pasqualetti et al [18] demonstrated that individuals from the Philippines have higher relative and absolute NK cell counts than Italians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%