Establishment of an Immune Cell Infiltration Score to Help Predict the Prognosis and Chemotherapy Responsiveness of Gastric Cancer Patients

Abstract

The immune microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor biology. The molecular profiles of immune components and related genes are of tremendous value for the study of primary resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) for gastric cancer (GC) and serve as prognostic biomarkers to predict GC survival. Recent studies have revealed that tumor immune cell infiltration (ICI) is an indicator of the survival and responsiveness to chemotherapy in GC patients. Here, we describe the immune cell landscape based on the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to help separate GC into 3 ICI clusters using the unsupervised clustering method. Further in-depth analyses, such as differential expression gene (DEG) analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), help to establish an ICI scoring system. A low ICI score is characterized by an increased tumor mutation burden (TMB). The combination of the ICI score and TMB score better predicts the survival of GC patients. Analyses based on public and our own database revealed that the ICI scoring system could also help predict the survival and chemotherapy responsiveness of GC patients. The present study demonstrated that the ICI score may be an effective prognostic biomarker and predictive indicator for chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Identification and Comprehensive Prognostic Analysis of a Novel Chemokine-Related lncRNA Signature and Immune Landscape in Gastric Cancer

“…Prognostic signatures based on ferroptosis-related lncRNA, immune-related lncRNA and helicobacter pylori infectionrelated lncRNA were proved to have preferable prognosis prediction functions in GC (Ma et al, 2021;Pan J. et al, 2021;Wei et al, 2021;Xin et al, 2021). Apart from this, lncRNAs could be used for subtype identification and therapy response prediction of GC Jiang et al, 2021b). LncRNAs have also been reported to modulate immunity (Yu et al, 2018).…”

Construction of an Immune Cell Infiltration Score to Evaluate the Prognosis and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ovarian Cancer Patients

“…This process can reduce the infidelity of CIBERSORT results ( 53 ). This score system is shown to be more stable and may not be influenced by a single or several gene expression ( 54 – 56 ). Besides, the established ICI scoring system can also provide valuable information on designing of the optional therapeutic regimen.…”

Identification of a Novel Survival-Related circRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network Related to Immune Infiltration in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Furthermore, GSEA revealed that CHEK1, CDC25A and FOXK1 were enriched in the cell cycle, pathways in cancer, and the P53 signaling pathway, which are correlated with cancer pathogenesis. Accumulating studies (Jiang et al, 2021;Zhou et al, 2021) have found that tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including B cells, CD4+/ CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, affect the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy and thus affect the prognosis of patients. Our work showed that the ceRNA regulatory network was significantly related to the infiltration of immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints.…”