Establishment of a Rat Model of Superior Sagittal-Sinus Occlusion and Recanalization via a Thread-Embolism Method

Transection of the Superior Sagittal Sinus Enables Bilateral Access to the Rodent Midline Brain Structures

“…This might be surprising since the SSS is a vessel of large dimensions, and in fact in humans its interruption can have devastating consequences (Ferro et al, 2004). In rodents it has been suggested that consequences of occlusions to the SSS can be minimized by compensatory mechanisms (Stolz et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2019). SSS blockage alone does not alter cerebral blood flow, nor does it cause infarction and hemorrhage (Nakase et al, 1996;Röttger et al, 2005), when care is taken to minimally impact cortical venal blood flow, as is the case in our methodology.…”

“…Yet in rodents, reports suggest that compensatory mechanisms might minimize the potential harmful impact of such obstructions (Stolz et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2019), as long as cortical venal blood flow is preserved, SSS blockage alone does not alter cerebral blood flow, nor does it cause infarction and hemorrhage (Nakase, Heimann, & Kempski, 1996;Röttger et al, 2005).…”

A Novel Rat Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Matched Clinical Syndrome: Combination of Clinical Cases and Experimental Validation

“…In a previous study, we established a CVST model by inserting a self-made thread plug into rats' SSS. However, with gradual centripetal thickening of the SSS, it was di cult to completely occlude the posterior segment of the SSS [10]. This problem was solved in the present study by using swellable rubber, which could properly expand in blood.…”

“…To this end, animal models that cover clinical syndromes are essential. Over the past few years, several types of CVST models have been established, including superior sagittal sinus (SSS) ligation [6,7], injection of a kaolin-cephalin suspension [8,9], a thrombus model induced by ferric chloride, and SSS occlusion via a self-made plug [10,11]. Despite the various modeling methods, each model explained the pathophysiology of CVST from its respective perspectives.…”

“…Despite the various modeling methods, each model explained the pathophysiology of CVST from its respective perspectives. However, most models use invasive surgery, which can lead to iatrogenic injury of the brain parenchyma [7,10,12]. In addition, with uncontrollable spontaneous recanalization and few positive ndings, further research on therapies is limited [13].…”