Essential oil composition of Perilla L. cultivated in Lithuania

Abstract

Perilla L. is the genus of annual herbaceous plants of Lamiaceae Lindl. family, originated in Eastern Asia (1, 2). According to the plant genetic analysis, Perilla L. contains four species: most commonly cultivated Perilla frutescens L. Britton, and three wild species: Perilla hirtella Nakai, Perilla seytoensis G. Honda and Perilla citriodora Nakai (3, 4). The other species e.g. Perilla aguta Benth., Perilla albiflora Odash., Perilla ocimoides L. are ascribed to Perilla frutescens species, which are medicinal and spice plants with a long application history in Asia (1, 5). Perilla frutescens L. Britton has been cultivated in the collection of medicinal plants at Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania since 1990. P. frutescens is a new perspective medicinal, spice and decorative plant which has already enriched national genetic resources and diversity of species. The investigations of plant growth, vegetation rhytmics and its dependence upon ecological factors, has been carried out since 1998 (6, 7). Perilla is an essential oil accumulating plant. Essential oil is accumulated in the glandular trichomes on the surface of stems and leaves (1, 8). Herbal raw material is composed of fresh and dried terraneous parts: leaves (Perillae folium), fruit (Perillae fructus) (9). According to the main volatile component of essential oil, plants can be classified into the chemotypes (1, 10, 11). Perillaldehyde type (PA) is used in culinary and traditional Chinese medicine. Major constituent is perillaldehyde, other constituents are limonene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, 1-menthol, α

Locomotor-Reducing Activity of Sesquiterpenes Related to <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i> Essential Oil and Hexahydrozerumbone Derivatives

“…Our results suggest that the conformations of the compounds strongly affect their locomotor-reducing effects; therefore, an investigation into the interactions between zerumbone derivatives and receptors via X-ray crystallography would provide valuable information for the synthesis of compounds with improved locomotorreducing effects. Caryophyllene derivatives were shown to reduce locomotor activity, which indicates that the locomotorreducing effects of essential oils in Perilla frutescens 14) and Mentha×piperita, 15) which contain caryophyllene derivatives, might be due to these compounds. 16,17) In addition, from these perspectives, it may be natural to consider the enhancement of locomotor activity by high concentrations of caryophyllene oxide as an adverse event.…”

Perillaldehyde AmelioratesAspergillus fumigatusKeratitis by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting Dectin-1-Mediated Inflammation

“…Perillaldehyde (PAE), a promising natural monoterpene substance, is extracted from Perilla frutescens, 9,10 which was once widely used as a constituent of essential oil and Asian Cuisine; PAE has strong antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-oxidant activities, as well as many other biological activities. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Studies have pointed out that PAE can inhibit the excessive inflammatory response in inflammatory diseases and infectious diseases in vivo and in vitro.…”

Perillaldehyde prevents the formations of atherosclerotic plaques through recoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase

“…8 Recently, it has been found exhibiting vasodilative and anti-inflammatory effects. Perillaldehyde (PAH) was found as a component of the major volatile extracts in Perilla leaves and was reported to be one of the most effective ingredients of Chinese medicine.…”