Transhiatal esophageal resection is a surgical procedure for both benign and malignant esophageal disease, in appropriate cases. While transhiatal esophagectomy has advantages when compared to transthoracic approaches, it is limited by the potential risk of injury to the great vessels and tracheobronchial system with large tumors, as well as the inability to perform an extensive lymph node dissection. In this article, we review indications, preoperative evaluation, surgical technique, postoperative care, complications of transhiatal esophageal resection, and the results of large clinical series.