ESFORÇO INOVATIVO E EXPORTAÇÃO: um estudo para o setor industrial brasileiro

Abstract

RESUMO:O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito do esforço inovativo na decisão de internacionalizar, via exportação, das empresas do setor industrial brasileiro. Para tanto, estima-se um modelo probabilístico utilizando dados provenientes da base Enterprise Surveys do Banco Mundial para o ano de 2009. Os resultados indicam que quanto maior for o porte da firma e o número de anos de experiência de seu gestor, maior será a propensão em participar de atividades comerciais no mercado externo. Por outro lado, quanto maior for o número de concorrentes do principal produto da firma nesses mercados, menor será a probabilidade de internacionalização. Constata-se também que, em seu conjunto, o vetor que caracteriza o esforço em inovação tem um impacto positivo na probabilidade das firmas constituírem-se como exportadoras. Palavras-chave: Esforço Inovativo; Internacionalização; Probit. INNOVATIVE EFFORT AND EXPORT: a study of the Brazilian industrial sectorABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of the innovative effort of in the decision to internationalize, through export, the companies of the Brazilian industrial sector. Therefore, it is estimate a probabilistic model using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys database for 2009. The results indicate that the larger the firm's size and the number of years of experience of its manager, the greater the Propensity to participate in commercial activities in the foreign market. On the other hand, the greater the number of competitors of the firm's main product in these markets, the lower the likelihood of internationalization. It is also observed that, as a whole, the vector that characterizes the effort in innovation has a positive impact on the probability of the firms constituting themselves as exporters.

A contribuição do esforço inovativo para o desempenho exportador

“…Except for Paraguay, innovation is an important factor that leads a company to become an exporter. This is in keeping with the result of the estimations for Latin American companies in the work of Nonnenberg and Avellar (2017), for Brazilian companies in the works of Avellar and Carvalho (2013) and Silva and Avellar (2017) and for Argentinean companies in works such as that of Marcel and Liseras (2020). In Uruguay, the main source of innovation is the acquisition of machinery and equipment, in accordance with Bianchi, Lezama and Peluffo (2015).…”

“…The results indicated that, for the three countries, innovation efforts (measured through the proxies of new products, R&D expenditure and a technology or cooperation index) increased the likelihood of companies exporting. Silva and Avellar (2017) analyzed the impacts of innovation effort on the decision to export. The results revealed that characteristics such as a larger firm size and more years of experience increased the probability of trading in the international market.…”

“…In addition to the proxy for the innovation variable used in this study (launching new products on the market), works such as Avellar and Carvalho (2013) and Silva and Avellar (2017) opted for the use of foreign technology to measure innovation effort. However, econometric estimates showed that this was a significant factor for exporting only in Uruguay, with the estimated sign being negative.…”

“…Nonnenberg and Avellar (2017) analyzed countries aggregated into two regions, Latin America and Eastern Europe, and, therefore, without considering possible heterogeneities and the specific features of each country. In Silva and Avellar (2017), the estimates were made only for Brazil. On the other hand, by investigating the Mercosur countries individually, this study seeks, through disaggregated estimates, to pinpoint similarities between countries and the idiosyncratic characteristics of each one of them.…”