ESE‑1 suppresses the growth, invasion and migration of human NSCLC cells and tumor formation in�vivo

Abstract

Lung cancer is the first leading cause of cancer‑related death in the United States. Non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. Identification of promising molecular targets is required for the effective prevention and therapy of NSCLC. Epithelial‑specific ETS‑1 (ESE‑1) belongs to the superfamily of ETS transcription factors. The effect of ESE‑1 on tumorigenesis is controversial in several types of cancer while its role in lung cancer remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether ESE‑1 expression affects tumorigenic activity using human NSCLC cells and a mouse xenograft model. ESE‑1 expression suppressed anchorage‑independent growth in soft agar assay and led to an increase in G1 arrest and apoptosis in human NSCLC cells. ESE‑1 expression suppressed the invasion and migration of human NSCLC cells. Western blot analysis, RT‑PCR and promoter assay indicated that ESE‑1 expression was transcriptionally downregulated by treatment of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β, an EMT (epithelial‑mesenchymal transition) stimulator. The xenograft study indicated that ESE‑1 expression inhibited tumor formation and development. Our data demonstrated that ESE‑1 plays a key role as a tumor suppressor in human NSCLC.

Identification of epithelial‐specific ETS‐1 (ESE‐1) as a tumor suppressor and molecular target of green tea compound, EGCG

“…The xenograft study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (Ajou University, South Korea) and performed as described previously . Five‐week‐old male BALB/c nude mice were purchased from Orient Bio Inc. (Gyeonggi, South Korea).…”

“…Stable cell lines expressing LacZ (control) and ESE-1 full-length (FL) were established by transfecting expression vectors and subsequently selecting using G418 (800 μg/mL for selection and 400 μg/mL for maintenance) as described previously. 31…”

“…The xenograft study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee (Ajou University, South Korea) and performed as described previously. 31 were estimated using the formula: a × b 2 × 0.52, where "a" is the longest diameter and "b" the shortest. Thirty-one days after injection, mice were euthanized and the tumors were collected and weighed.…”

Structural and functional characterization of β2‐glycoprotein I domain 1 in anti‐melanoma cell migration

“…[12][13][14][15] Furthermore, many studies have reported that inhibition of cell migration decreases tumor growth in multiple cancers. [16][17][18] Therefore, it is important to elucidate the cellular basis and molecular mechanisms of β 2 -GPI function in antitumorigenesis. The present study aims to explore the specific regulatory domain and intracellular signaling of β 2 -GPI with a potential for antimelanoma progression.…”

“…It is well established that abnormal cell migration and proliferation are closely related to carcinogenesis . Furthermore, many studies have reported that inhibition of cell migration decreases tumor growth in multiple cancers . Therefore, it is important to elucidate the cellular basis and molecular mechanisms of β 2 ‐GPI function in antitumorigenesis.…”