Eruptive history of Fisher Caldera, Alaska, USA

Stelling, Pete; Gardner, James E.; Begét, James E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.08.006

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Highstand terraces indicate that the lake was close to its maximum capacity before the breakout, suggesting failure was initiated by overtopping, possibly triggered by tsunamis or water displacement during an intracaldera eruption. Similar scenarios have been reconstructed at the Fisher (Stelling et al 2005) and Okmok (Almberg et al 2003) calderas in Alaska, and at Towada volcano in Japan (Kataoka 2011) on the basis of geological and geomorphic evidence (Table 2). Lake Taupo, the largest lake in the central North Island of New Zealand partially occupies a volcano-tectonic collapse structure whose present configuration largely reflects caldera collapse during the 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption and faulting and downwarping on regional structures (Davy and Caldwell 1998;Wilson 2001).…”

Section: Caldera Lakessupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Run-up from these surface gravity waves reached 30 m on adjacent shorelines 1.3 km away from the eruption centre (Belousov et al 2000;Torsvik et al 2010). Tsunami run-up deposits have been identified c. 20 m above the contemporaneous lake level at Lake Managua in Nicaragua in association with the 6.3 ka Mateare Tephra eruption (Freundt et al 2006(Freundt et al , 2007, and at Fisher caldera in Alaska (Stelling et al 2005). …”

Section: Explosion-generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Where barriers are composed of indurated material such as lava flows or welded ignimbrites, lakes can persist for many thousands of years: some, such as Crater Lake, Oregon, never reach overtopping level because seepage losses match water inflows as the lake level rises and hydrostatic pressures increase. Others, such as Aniakchak (McGimsey et al 1994;Waythomas et al 1996) and Fisher volcano (Stelling et al 2005) in Alaska appear to have reached a stable highstand level controlled by a hard rock sill. Failure required active breaching of the rim by tsunamis generated during intra-lake eruptions, in the case of Fisher volcano this was 7.9 ka after caldera formation (Stelling et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsunamis with this source mechanism are also implicated in the triggering of break-out floods at a number of Alaskan calderas (Table 2). At Fisher, an eruption at c. 1.5 ka from an mid-lake vent apparently triggered breaching of the southern caldera wall by overtopping waves with run-ups exceeding 20 m (Stelling et al 2005). …”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Hydrogeology of Volcanic Lakes: Examples from the Central Italy Volcanic Lake District

Mazza

Taviani

Capelli

et al. 2015

Advances in Volcanology

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Volcanic regions typically host multiple lakes developed in explosion craters, volcano-tectonic collapse structures, and valley systems blocked as a result of eruptive activity, their boundaries and dimensions shifting in response to renewed activity and modification by background processes of erosion, sedimentation and tectonism. Such water bodies are a potent source of a wide range of complex and inter-related hydrologic hazards owing to their proximity to active volcanic vents, the consequent potential for violent mixing of magma with water, and the frequent fragility of their impoundments. These hazards arise as a result of water displacements within or from the lake basin and can be broadly sub-divided into 3 main types: (I) phenomena sourced within the lake basin as a direct or indirect consequence of subaqueous or subaerial volcanic activity; (II) floods from volcanic lakes triggered by volcanic activity, including induced breaching; and (III) floods from volcanic lakes with a non-volcanic cause. Type I hazards include subaqueous explosive volcanism and associated Surtseyan jets, base surges and tsunamis, which can impact lake shorelines and displace water over basin rims and through outlets. This results in Type II lahar and flooding hazards. Both types have been historically responsible for significant losses of life at many volcanoes worldwide. Other rapid phenomena such as pyroclastic flows, debris avalanches, and large lahars from intra-or extra-lake volcanoes are potentially tsunamigenic (Type I), and/or displacing, and can hence also lead to secondary (Type II) hazards, as can seismicity-producing volcano-tectonic movements. Slower processes including volcano-tectonic movements, subaqueous lava dome extrusion, cryptodome intrusion, and magmatic inflation can potentially produce Type II flooding through volumetric water displacement over the outlet. Erosion of the outlet can be catastrophic, magnifying the size of V. Manville

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Section: Caldera Lakessupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Explosion-generated Tsunamismentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Hydrogeology of Volcanic Lakes: Examples from the Central Italy Volcanic Lake District

Mazza

Taviani

Capelli

et al. 2015

Advances in Volcanology

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“…의 최저점으로 물이 방출 될 수문학적인 흐름의 저수지 에 해당된다 (Waythomas et al, 1996;Manville et al, 1999;Bornas et al, 2003;Manville and Wilson, 2004;Stelling et al, 2005;Massey et al, 2010;Kataoka, 2011). …”

Section: 칼데라 호수는 화산폭발 유무에 관계없이 외륜산(Rim)unclassified

Scenario-based Flood Disaster Simulation of the Rim Collapse of the Cheon-ji Caldera Lake, Mt. Baekdusan

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Choi³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Engineering Geology

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Volcanic eruptions alone may lead to serious natural disasters, but the associated release of water from a caldera lake may be equally damaging. There is both historical and geological evidence of the past eruptions of Mt. Baekdusan, and the volcano, which has not erupted for over 100 years, has recently shown signs of reawakening. Action is required if we are to limit the social, political, cultural, and economic damage of any future eruption. This study aims to identify the area that would be inundated following a volcanic flood from the Cheon-Ji caldera lake that lies within Mt. Baekdusan. A scenario-based numerical analysis was performed to generate a flood hydrograph, and the parameters required were selected following a consideration of historical records from other volcanoes. The amount of water at the outer rim as a function of time was used as an upper boundary condition for the downstream routing process for a period of 10 days. Data from the USGS were used to generate a DEM with a resolution of 100 m, and remotely sensed satellite data from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to show land cover and use. The simulation was generated using the software FLO-2D and was superposed on the remotely sensed map. The results show that the inundation area would cover about 80% of the urban area near Erdaobaihezhen assuming a 10 m/hr collapse rate, and 98% of the area would be flooded assuming a 100 m/hr collapse rate.

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Measurement and interpretation of subtle deformation signals at Unimak Island from 2003 to 2010 using weather model‐assisted time series InSAR

et al. 2015

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A 7 year time series of satellite radar images over Unimak Island, Alaska-site of Westdahl Volcano, Fisher Caldera, and Shishaldin Volcano-was processed using a model-free Persistent Scatterer Interferometry technique assisted by numerical weather prediction model. The deformation-only signals were optimally extracted from atmosphere-contaminated phase records. The reconstructed deformation time series maps are compared with campaign and continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements as well as Small Baseline Subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) results for quality assessment and geophysical interpretation. We observed subtle surface inflation at Westdahl Volcano that can be fit by a Mogi source located at approximately 3.6 km north of Westdahl peak and at depth of about 6.9 km that is consistent with the GPS-estimated depth for the 1998 to 2001 time period. The magma chamber volume change decays during the period of 2003 to 2010. The deformation field over Fisher Caldera is steadily subsiding over time. Its best fit analytical model is a sill source that is about 7.9 km in length, 0.54 km in width, and located at about 5.5 km below sea level underneath the center of Fisher Caldera with strike angle of N52°E. Very little deformation was detected near Shishaldin peak; however, a region approximately 15 km east of Shishaldin, as well as an area at the Tugamak range at about 30 km northwest of Shishaldin, shows evidence for movement toward the satellite, with a temporal signature correlated with the 2004 Shishaldin eruption. The cause of these movements is unknown.

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Eruptive history of Fisher Caldera, Alaska, USA

Cited by 31 publications

References 12 publications

Quantitative Hydrogeology of Volcanic Lakes: Examples from the Central Italy Volcanic Lake District

Quantitative Hydrogeology of Volcanic Lakes: Examples from the Central Italy Volcanic Lake District

Scenario-based Flood Disaster Simulation of the Rim Collapse of the Cheon-ji Caldera Lake, Mt. Baekdusan

Measurement and interpretation of subtle deformation signals at Unimak Island from 2003 to 2010 using weather model‐assisted time series InSAR

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