Error correction with orbital angular momentum of multiple photons propagating in a turbulent atmosphere

Abstract

Orbital angular momentum of photons is an intriguing system for the storage and transmission of quantum information, but it is rapidly degraded by atmospheric turbulence. Understanding the noise processes that affect photons is essential if we desire to protect them. In this paper we use the infinitesimal propagation equation of Roux to derive a discrete Lindblad equation, and numerically study the form of the most relevant Lindblad operators. We find that the dominant Lindblad operators are those that shift the angular momentum by one unit. We explore possible schemes to protect quantum information across multiple photons by concatenating a standard quantum error-correcting code with an error-detecting code for orbital angular momentum.

Quantifying parallelism of vectors is the quantification of distributedn-party entanglement

“…Implementation of equations ( 4), (7), and (8) in equation ( 6) leads us to a definition of 3-tangle using the post-measurement state vectors of system A as,…”

“…Non-separability of quantum states has been proven as the most useful resource in the field of quantum information and communication. It leads to quantum entanglement in multiparty systems [2], and lies at the origin of the well known EPR paradox [3] As a quantum resource it has found applications in quantum tasks like teleportation [4][5][6], quantum error correction [7], quantum dynamics [8] and quantum cryptography [9,10]. Concurrence, first developed by Hill and Wooters [11], is monotonically related to the bi-partite entanglement of a quantum system and an exact measure of this resource.…”