2015
DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0450-x
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Abstract: BackgroundThe Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is involved in essential cell processes and it is abnormally activated in ~30 % of cancers and cognitive disorders. Two ERK isoforms have been described, ERK1 and ERK2; ERK2 being regarded by many as essential due to the embryonic lethality of ERK2 knock-out mice, whereas mice lacking ERK1 are viable and fertile. The controversial question of why we have two ERKs and whether they have differential functions or display functional redundancy has not yet been resolv… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(47 citation statements)
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“…It has been long a matter of debate whether ERK1 and ERK2 have isoform-specific functions or are totally redundant [45]. ERK2 is expressed at higher levels than ERK1 in most mammalian tissues [46,47]. This difference in expression level may account for the difference in phenotype of the global knockout.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been long a matter of debate whether ERK1 and ERK2 have isoform-specific functions or are totally redundant [45]. ERK2 is expressed at higher levels than ERK1 in most mammalian tissues [46,47]. This difference in expression level may account for the difference in phenotype of the global knockout.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Neutral models predict that gene paralogs eventually diverge by differential loss of functionalities, which has found support in large-scale analyses of expression domain evolution in duplicated genes (Lynch and Conery, 2000;Oakley et al, 2006;Mendonca et al, 2011). Recent gene-specific and genome-wide studies, however, produced evidence for a role of genetic redundancy in securing developmental, genetic, and environmental robustness over hundreds of millions of years in part through conservation of genetically redundant gene paralogs (Celniker et al, 2002;Maslov et al, 2004;Pasek et al, 2006;Dean et al, 2008;Vavouri et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2009;Bao et al, 2012;Buscà et al, 2015). As an example, the recent discovery of partially, yet longterm conserved redundant roles of paralogs of the Drosophila lineage expanded MADF-BESS transcription factor family in the development of the wing hinge has been proposed to be explained by the benefit of developmental robustness (Shukla et al, 2014).…”
Section: Increased Developmental Genetic Redundancy In the Brachyceramentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An imbalance in optimal ERK1/2 activation may play a role in cognitive function seen in autism-related disorders (Chevere-Torres et al, 2012). ERK1 and ERK2 isoforms exhibit significant functional redundancy and are thought to have resulted from single gene duplication at the onset of vertebrate evolution (Busca et al, 2015). Both exhibit a similar three dimensional structure and are ubiquitously expressed in mammals with similar specific activity (Robbins et al, 1993; Lefloch et al, 2008).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%