EQ-5D-Y-3L Value Sets, Valuation Methods and Conceptual Questions

Devlin, Nancy; Roudijk, Bram; Viney, Rosalie; Stolk, Elly

doi:10.1007/s40273-022-01226-7

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies from European countries have indicated that the distribution of values for the adult and youth EQ-5D measures are similar to each other. Assuming that Australian values for the EQ-5D-Y-3L are more likely to resemble ‘European’ rather than ‘Asian’ preference patterns, the German EQ-5D-Y-3L value set was chosen [ 29 ]. The preferences for the EQ-5D-Y-3L health states were elicited from a German adult population using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and composite TTO (cTTO) methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Inter-Rater and Intra-Proxy Agreement in Measuring Quality of Life of Children in the Community Using the EQ-5D-Y-3L

Khanna,

Khadka,

Mpundu-Kaambwa

et al. 2024

PharmacoEconomics

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Background Self-reporting of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children is not always feasible. To date, proxy perspectives (Proxy versions 1 and 2) using the EQ-5D-Y-3L have not been explored for its impact on agreement with child self-report. Proxy version 1 requires the proxy to consider their own view of the child’s HRQoL (proxy-proxy), while with Proxy version 2, the proxy is asked to respond as they believe their child would self-report their HRQoL (proxy-child). This study compared the inter-rater and intra-proxy agreement (overall and dimension level) using the EQ-5D-Y-3L self, proxy-proxy, and proxy-child reports. Methods A community-based sample of child (aged 6–12 years) and parent dyads were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. The child self-completed the EQ-5D-Y-3L independently of the parent who completed the EQ-5D-Y-3L from proxy-proxy and proxy-child perspectives. Agreement was determined using Concordance Correlation Coefficients (CCCs) for the overall (preference-weighted) HRQoL, while agreement at the dimension level was evaluated using Gwet’s agreement coefficient (AC 1 ). To assess the differences between the self and the two proxy reports, the Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-rank test was used. Results This study involved 85 child-parent dyads. The agreement between self and proxy overall HRQoL was low (fair) with both proxy-proxy (CCC = 0.28) and proxy-child (CCC = 0.26) reports. The largest discrepancy in the child-proxy agreement at dimension level with both the proxy versions was observed for ‘feeling worried, sad or unhappy’. Within this dimension, the proxy-child perspective resulted in a stronger agreement (AC 1 = 0.7, good) with child self-report compared with the traditional proxy-proxy perspective (AC 1 = 0.58, moderate). Although the preference-weighted HRQoL was consistent across both the proxy perspectives, a significant difference was observed in the EQ VAS scores ( p = 0.02). Conclusions This study demonstrates that choice of proxy perspective may have an impact on the problems reported on HRQoL dimensions and EQ VAS scores. However, in this community-based sample of generally healthy children, no significant difference was observed in the inter-rater agreement for child-self and proxy preference-weighted EQ-5D-Y-3L values based on proxy perspectives. While this suggests that preference-weighted data are not sensitive to the choice of perspective, these findings may differ for different HRQoL instruments and for alternative value sets with different properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40273-024-01356-0.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Inter-Rater and Intra-Proxy Agreement in Measuring Quality of Life of Children in the Community Using the EQ-5D-Y-3L

Khanna,

Khadka,

Mpundu-Kaambwa

et al. 2024

PharmacoEconomics

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“…In eight of the nine cases where both EQ-5D-Y-3L and EQ-5D-5L value sets exist, the percentage of states with a value < 0 (i.e., considered by respondents on average to be ‘worse than dead’) is lower in EQ-5D-Y-3L than in EQ-5D-5L. These differences between the value scale for child and adult health states are especially marked in Asian countries [ 7 ].…”

Section: What Are the Characteristics Of Eq-5d-y-3l Values And Why Do...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The subsequent protocol describing those methods [ 5 ] led to the rapid development of value sets for EQ-5D-Y-3L [ 6 , 7 ]. The protocol recommends use of a combination of two methods in producing EQ-5D-Y-3L value sets: a discrete choice experiment (DCE) and a composite time trade-off.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Age-Specific Values for Pediatric HRQoL in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Is There a Problem to Be Solved? If So, How?

et al. 2023

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Value sets for the EQ-5D-Y-3L published to date appear to have distinctive characteristics compared with value sets for corresponding adult instruments: in many cases, the value for the worst health state is higher and there are fewer values < 0. The aim of this paper is to consider how and why values for child and adult health differ; and what the implications of that are for the use of EQ-5D-Y-3L values in economic evaluations to inform healthcare resource allocation decisions. We posit four potential explanations for the differences in values: (a) The wording of severity labels may mean the worst problems on the EQ-5D-Y-3L are descriptively less severe than those on the EQ-5D-5L; (b) Adults may genuinely consider that children are less badly affected than adults by descriptively similar health issues. That is, for any given health problem, adult respondents in valuation studies consider children’s overall health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on average to be higher than that for adults; (c) Values are being sought by eliciting adults’ stated preferences for HRQoL in another person, rather than in themselves (regardless of whether the ‘other person’ concerned is a child); and (d) The need to elicit preferences for child HRQoL that are anchored at dead = 0 invokes special considerations regarding children’s survival. Existing evidence does not rule out the possibility that (c) and (d) exert an upward bias in values. We consider the implications of that for the interpretation and use of values for pediatric HRQoL. Alternative methods for valuing children’s HRQoL in a manner that is not ‘age specific’ are possible and may help to avoid issues of non-comparability. Use of these methods would place the onus on health technology assessment bodies to reflect any special considerations regarding child quality-adjusted life-year gains.

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“…The EQ-5D-Y questionnaire can be filled out by children from the age of 8, while for children aged 4–7, a proxy version can be applied. EQ-5D-Y value sets are currently available for nine countries (Devlin et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of age dependency in Dutch and Chinese values for EQ-5D-Y

Essers,

Wang,

Stolk

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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AimsThe primary aim was to explore the age dependency of health state values derived via trade-offs between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and life years in a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The secondary aim was to explore if people weigh life years and HRQoL differently for children, adolescents, adults, and older adults.MethodsParticipants from the general population of the Netherlands and China first completed a series of choice tasks offering choices between two EQ-5D-Y states with a given lifespan. The choice model captured the value of a year in full health, disutility determined by EQ-5D-Y, and a discount rate. Next, they received a slightly different choice task, offering choices between two lives that differed in HRQoL and life expectancy but produced the same number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Participants were randomly assigned to fill out the survey for three or four age frames: a hypothetical person of 10, 15, 40, and 70 years (the last one only applicable to China) to allow the age dependency of the responses to be explored.ResultsA total of 1,234 Dutch and 1,818 Chinese people administered the survey. Controlling for time preferences, we found that the agreement of health state values for different age frames was generally stronger in the Netherlands than in China. We found no clear pattern of differences in the QALY composition in both samples. The probability distribution over response options varied most when levels for lifespan or severity were at the extremes of the spectrum.Conclusion/discussionThe magnitude and direction of age effects on values seemed dimension- and country specific. In the Netherlands, we found a few differences in dimension-specific weights elicited for 10- and 15-year-olds compared to 40-year-olds, but the overall age dependency of values was limited. A stronger age dependency of values was observed in China, where values for 70-year-olds differed strongly from the values for other ages. The appropriateness of using existing values beyond the age range for which they were measured needs to be evaluated in the local context.

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EQ-5D-Y-3L Value Sets, Valuation Methods and Conceptual Questions

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

An Investigation of Inter-Rater and Intra-Proxy Agreement in Measuring Quality of Life of Children in the Community Using the EQ-5D-Y-3L

An Investigation of Inter-Rater and Intra-Proxy Agreement in Measuring Quality of Life of Children in the Community Using the EQ-5D-Y-3L

Using Age-Specific Values for Pediatric HRQoL in Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Is There a Problem to Be Solved? If So, How?

An investigation of age dependency in Dutch and Chinese values for EQ-5D-Y

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