EPR Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds

Çalişkan, Betül; Çalişkan, Ali Cengiz

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74294

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The EPR spectroscopy allows to evaluate the scavenging activity of a specific extract against free radicals [ 78 ], since its capability to detect, identify and measure radical species. Free radical species have one or more unpaired electron in their outer shell [ 80 , 81 ], then, based on this, EPR detects the transitions of unpaired electrons in an applied magnetic field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocellara Del Belice (Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity

Musolino

Macrì

Cardamone

et al. 2022

Plants

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Olea europaea L. is a plant belonging to the Oleaceae family, widely grown around the Mediterranean Basin and its leaves are a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Among these, oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside represent two major polyphenolic compounds in olive-leaf extract. Herein, a polystyrene resin was used to recover the polyphenolic fraction from the acetone-water leaf extract from Nocellara del Belice cultivar, which showed the higher level of analysed bioactive compounds, compared to Carolea cultivar. The antioxidant activity of the extract concentrated in phenolic compounds (OLECp) was evaluated through a classical assay and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging. Thus, the anti-inflammatory activity and the potential beneficial effects in reducing lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD using McA-RH7777 cells exposed to oleic acid (OA) were evaluated. Nile Red and Oil Red O have been used to stain the lipid accumulation, while the inflammatory status was assessed by Cytokines Bioplex Assay. OLECp (TPC: 92.93 ± 9.35 mg GAE/g, TFC: 728.12 ± 16.04 mg RE/g; 1 g of extract contains 315.250 mg of oleuropein and 17.44 mg of luteolin-7-O-glucoside) exerted a good radical scavenging capability (IC50: 2.30 ± 0.18 mg/mL) with a neutralizing power against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as confirmed by the decreased signal area of the EPR spectra. Moreover, OLECp at concentration of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL counteracted the intracellular inflammatory status, as result of decreased intracellular lipid content. Our results highlighted the multiple properties and applications of an O. europaea extract concentrated in polyphenols, and the possibility to formulate novel nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties, destined to ameliorate human health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocellara Del Belice (Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity

Musolino

Macrì

Cardamone

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…In living organisms, free radicals are produced as natural intermediates of biochemical reactions, and play a crucial role in the physiological cell function. They can, moreover, be formed by extrinsic factors (environmental pollution, smoking, unhealthy diet, alcohol consumption, stress, or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light) [ 65 ]. Finally, exposure to low-wavelength electromagnetic radiation can lead to hydroxyl radicals generation due to water splitting in the body [ 2 ].…”

Section: Oxidant Species and Counterbalancing Antioxidant Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoantioxidant Materials: Nanoengineering Inspired by Nature

et al. 2023

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Oxidants are very active compounds that can cause damage to biological systems under specific environmental conditions. One effective way to counterbalance these adverse effects is the use of anti-oxidants. At low concentrations, an antioxidant is defined as a compound that can delay, control, or prevent an oxidative process. Antioxidants exist in plants, soil, and minerals; therefore, nature is a rich source of natural antioxidants, such as tocopherols and polyphenols. In nature, antioxidants perform in tandem with their bio-environment, which may tune their activity and protect them from degradation. In vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, may encounter several drawbacks, such as auto-oxidation and polymerization. Artificial nanoantioxidants can be developed via surface modification of a nanoparticle with an antioxidant that can be either natural or synthetic, directly mimicking a natural antioxidant system. In this direction, state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been extensively incorporated to overcome inherent drawbacks encountered in vitro use of antioxidants, i.e., out of their biomatrix, and facilitate the production and use of antioxidants on a larger scale. Biomimetic nanoengineering has been adopted to optimize bio-medical antioxidant systems to improve stability, control release, enhance targeted administration, and overcome toxicity and biocompatibility issues. Focusing on biotechnological sciences, this review highlights the importance of nanoengineering in developing effective antioxidant structures and comparing the effectiveness of different nanoengineering methods. Additionally, this study gathers and clarifies the different antioxidant mechanisms reported in the literature and provides a clear picture of the existing evaluation methods, which can provide vital insights into bio-medical applications.

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“…Because the unpaired electrons in the structure of antioxidants form a paramagnetic centre, then the antioxidant compounds can be analysed by EPR. Many researchers have used EPR for this purpose 17,18 . Several previous studies have used EPR spectroscopy to demonstrate a strong and stable radical signal in foods and beverages e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free Radical Scavenging Capability of Various Defatted Sesame Seed Cakes and Hulls Using EPR Compared with <i>In Vitro</i> Testing and HPLC Analysis

et al. 2019

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tential biological activities. The two main groups of lignans in sesame seed are oil-soluble lignans and water-soluble lignans. Oil-soluble lignans, including sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol and sesamolinol, are the main lignan in sesame oil, while water-soluble glycosylated lignans have been found in defatted sesame seed cake 1 . Lignan glycosides isolated from defatted sesame seed cake include sesaminol glucosides, pinoresinol glycosides, and sesamolinol glycosides 1 3, 5, 6 . Defatted sesame seed cake, a by-product of the sesame oil industry, is uninteresting and is commonly Abstract: The free radical scavenging activities of black and white sesame seed hulls and the powder of black and white sesame seed cakes were investigated using noninvasive continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and antioxidant assays. With black sesame seed hulls and the powder of black sesame seed cakes, EPR detected the very strong single-line signal intensities that correspond to the stable organic radicals, while the spectrum of the white sesame seed hulls and the white sesame seed cakes showed no signal. The in vitro antioxidant activities of black and white sesame seed cake extract were evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results indicated that the extract from black sesame seed cake possessed a greater DPPH radical inhibitory activity and hydrogen peroxide inhibitory activity than white sesame seed cake extract, with IC 50 values of 0.847 ± 0.011 mg/mL and 0.338 ± 0.007 mg/mL, respectively. Black sesame seed cake extract also showed a strong reducing power with a FRAP value of 1.307 ± 0.037 mM Fe (II)/g of extract weight and an EC 1 value of 0.683 ± 0.002 mg/mL. The main compounds from the black and white sesame seed cake extracts were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results revealed that the main compounds in black and white sesame seed cake extracts were in a group of water-soluble lignans, mainly sesaminol triglucoside and sesaminol diglucoside. However, sesaminol diglucoside was found in large amounts in the black sesame seed cake extract, while it was found in a very small amount in the white sesame seed cake extract. Therefore, these results demonstrated considerable antioxidant capacity of the sesame seed, especially in the black strain.

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EPR Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Nocellara Del Belice (Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity

Nocellara Del Belice (Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity

Nanoantioxidant Materials: Nanoengineering Inspired by Nature

Free Radical Scavenging Capability of Various Defatted Sesame Seed Cakes and Hulls Using EPR Compared with <i>In Vitro</i> Testing and HPLC Analysis

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